Effect of Polyphenol-rich Dark Chocolate on Obesity
关键词
抽象
描述
It is well acknowledged that the main mechanism by which cocoa and DC polyphenols improve fasting glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, BP and lipid profile in healthy individuals and those with hypertension and/or impaired glucose-tolerance, involves increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. NO is essential for the regulation of blood pressure, glucose and lipid balance. This is evident in that e-NOsynthase knockout mice exhibit insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, a cluster of diseases that is also observed in the metabolic syndrome. Recently, it was shown that adiponectin regulates eNOsynthase activity through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway wherein eNOsynthase is phosphorylated by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase at Ser1179 and that plasma adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance and positively with HDL-cholesterol, but not BP. This suggests a strong link between impaired NO bioavailability, adiponectin levels and obesity. Indeed, apart from exhibiting impaired NO bioavailability, obese individuals also have decreased plasma adiponectin levels. Since cocoa and DC are known to modulate NO activity, investigating the impact of cocoa or DC polyphenols on adiponectin levels and observing a correlation between its levels and improved fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, BP and lipid profile is essential in improving our understanding of the relationship between diet and health, particularly that polyphenols in apples, oolong and green tea polyphenols have been previously shown to influence adiponectin levels.
This study uses a randomised single-blind, placebo-controlled design. Following a 1-week run-in phase, each group will be randomised to one of the two groups: placebo-polyphenol-rich DC, polyphenol-rich DC-placebo. Subjects will follow each diet for 4weeks, after which they will cross-over to the next diet separated by a 2-week washout period and until each subject completes both interventions.
日期
最后验证: | 08/31/2009 |
首次提交: | 12/28/2008 |
提交的预估入学人数: | 12/28/2008 |
首次发布: | 12/29/2008 |
上次提交的更新: | 09/16/2009 |
最近更新发布: | 09/17/2009 |
实际学习开始日期: | 10/31/2008 |
预计主要完成日期: | 09/30/2009 |
预计完成日期: | 11/30/2009 |
状况或疾病
干预/治疗
Dietary Supplement: placebo dark chocolate
Dietary Supplement: polyphenol-rich dark chocolate
相
手臂组
臂 | 干预/治疗 |
---|---|
Placebo Comparator: placebo dark chocolate polyphenol-poor dark chocolate | Dietary Supplement: placebo dark chocolate polyphenol-free dark chocolate 20g to be distributed throughout the day for 4 weeks |
Experimental: polyphenol-rich dark chocolate | Dietary Supplement: polyphenol-rich dark chocolate 20g to be distributed throughout the day for 4 weeks |
资格标准
有资格学习的年龄 | 18 Years 至 18 Years |
有资格学习的性别 | Female |
接受健康志愿者 | 是 |
标准 | Inclusion Criteria: - Healthy female volunteers - Aged 18-50 years - Group 1 will consist of volunteers with BMI of 18-25 kg/m2 - Group 2 will consist of women with BMI of 25-35 kg/m2 Exclusion Criteria: - Cardiovascular disease - Hypertension - Diabetes - Smokers - People taking dietary supplements - Hypertension or cholesterol-lowering drugs - Those with high cocoa or DC intake, soy or nut allergies |
结果
主要结果指标
1. adiponectin [week 0, 4, 6, 10]
次要成果指标
1. insulin sensitivity [week 0, 4, 6, 10]
2. blood pressure [week 0, 4, 6, 10]
3. lipid profile [week 0, 4, 6, 10]