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Isotretinoin in Treatment of COVID-19

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关键词

抽象

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 has infected over 2,000,000 people causing over 150,000 deaths. A key host cellular protein required for the virus entry is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) whose expression has been demonstrated in many tissues including alveolar epithelial type II cells in lungs, oral mucosa and intestine, heart, kidney, endothelium and skin. ACE2-expressing cells can act as home cells and are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection as ACE2 receptor facilitates cellular viral entry and replication. (1) Fang et al. has suggested that patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus may be at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as these patients are often treated with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers (ARBs), which have been previously suggested to increase ACE2 expression. (2) In another study by Sinha et al who analyzed a publicly available Connectivity Map (CMAP) dataset of pre/post transcriptomic profiles for drug treatment in cell lines for over 20,000 small molecules, isotretinoin was the strongest down-regulator of ACE 2 receptors. On the other hand, they found 6 drugs in CMAP that are currently being investigated in clinical trials for treating COVID-19 (chloroquine, thalidomide, methylprednisolone, losartan, lopinavir and ritonavir, from clinicaltrials.gov), none of which was found to significantly alter ACE2 expression (P>0.1) (3) Moreover, Wu et al, demonstrated that isotretinoin is a Potential papain like protease (PLpro) inhibitors which is a protein encoded by SARS-CoV-2 genes and considered one of the proteins that should be targeted in COVID-19 treatment by performing target-based virtual ligand screening. (4) In addition, isotretinoin was reported to increase CD4 counts and markedly decrease viremia in HIV positive patients suffering from acne vulgaris. (5) Currently, a study is running to evaluate the effect of isotretinoin on immune activation among HIV-1 infected subjects with incomplete CD4+ T cell recovery. (6) From this point, we can suggest that patient taking isotretinoin therapy may be immune against SARS-COV-2 and it can also have a therapeutic effect by prevention of further progression of the virus. Several potential mechanisms of action of Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 have been postulated and they are actually used in treatment regimens for COVID-19.(7) It was reported that chloroquine increase the blood level of isotretinoin, so lower doses is required when combined. We assume to test the efficacy of isotretinoin in treatment of COVID-19 versus combined therapy with the standard treatment of COVID-19.

描述

The study is a randomized interventional comparative Phase III trial. The duration of the trial for each subject is expected to be 3 months. The duration for each individual subject includes one-month study treatment and 3 months follow-up time. Recruitment of subjects will start in April 2020.

150 adult male and female patients with positive COVID-19 diagnosis and fulfilling the below outlined inclusion criteria will be enrolled into the study. Trial population will consist of both genders.

Name of tested drug: Isotretinoin. All consenting adult patients having confirmed COVID-19 will be recruited and randomly and blindly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to the following arms:

Group (1): 50 patients will receive isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg/day for one month or until viral clearance.

Group (2): 50 patients will receive standard therapy for COVID-19 (Paracetamol 500 mg /6h, Hydroxychloroquine 500 mg/ 12h, Oseltamivir 150 mg /12 h for 5 days, Azithromycin 1 gm first day then 500 mg/day for 1st line or Clarithromycin 500 mg/12 h for 7-14 days, Ascorbic acid 500 mg/12 h and Cyanocobalamin IV once daily plus Lopinavir 400mg/Ritonavir 100 mg caps 2 capsules twice daily in severe cases).

Group (3): 50 patients will receive standard therapy for COVID-19 + isotretinoin 0.25 mg/kg/day for one month or until viral clearance.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.

- Age range 18-40

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have the following conditions:

1. Hypercholesterolemia

2. Hypertriglyceridemia

3. Liver disease

4. Renal disease

5. Sjögren syndrome

6. Pregnancy

7. Lactation

8. Depressive disorder

9. Contraindications for hormonal contraception or intrauterine device.

日期

最后验证: 03/31/2020
首次提交: 04/20/2020
提交的预估入学人数: 04/21/2020
首次发布: 04/23/2020
上次提交的更新: 04/21/2020
最近更新发布: 04/23/2020
实际学习开始日期: 04/20/2020
预计主要完成日期: 05/31/2020
预计完成日期: 08/31/2020

状况或疾病

COVID-19

干预/治疗

Drug: Isotretinoin Only Product in Oral Dose Form

相 3

手臂组

干预/治疗
Active Comparator: Isotretinoin
13 cis retinoic acid 0.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses orally for one month
Sham Comparator: Standard COVID-19 therapy
Paracetamol 500 mg /6h, Hydroxychloroquine 500 mg/ 12h, Oseltamivir 150 mg /12 h for 5 days, Azithromycin 1 gm first day then 500 mg/day for 1st line or Clarithromycin 500 mg/12 h for 7-14 days, Ascorbic acid 500 mg/12 h and Cyanocobalamin IV once daily plus Lopinavir 400mg/Ritonavir 100 mg caps 2 capsules twice daily in severe cases
Active Comparator: Standard COVID-19 therapy+ isotretinoin
Paracetamol 500 mg /6h, Hydroxychloroquine 500 mg/ 12h, Oseltamivir 150 mg /12 h for 5 days, Azithromycin 1 gm first day then 500 mg/day for 1st line or Clarithromycin 500 mg/12 h for 7-14 days, Ascorbic acid 500 mg/12 h and Cyanocobalamin IV once daily plus Lopinavir 400mg/Ritonavir 100 mg caps 2 capsules twice daily in severe cases) plus 13 cis retinoic acid 0.5 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses orally forone month.

资格标准

有资格学习的年龄 18 Years 至 18 Years
有资格学习的性别All
接受健康志愿者
标准

Inclusion Criteria:

- Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.

- Age range 18-40

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Hypercholesterolemia

2. Hypertriglyceridemia

3. Liver disease

4. Renal disease

5. Sjögren syndrome

6. Pregnancy

7. Lactation

8. Depressive disorder

9. Contraindications for hormonal contraception or intrauterine device.

结果

主要结果指标

1. Clinical clearance [14-30 day]

1. Difference in time to resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 treated with isotretinoin, standard therapy or combined therapy as assessed by daily assessment

其他成果措施

1. Laboratory clearance [14-30 day]

Proportion of patients with negative COVID-19 PCR test at day 30 in per protocol population as per throat swab Change in COVID-19 virus load from baseline to day 30

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