Deep sedation in GreenLight laser prostatectomy.
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BACKGROUND
Evaluation of ketamine and propofol combination for the performance of photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP).
METHODS
Twenty-six patients undergoing PVP for benign prostatic hyperplasia were included in the study. Co-morbidities were present in 24 patients. Midazolam 2 mg intravenous was administered for the induction to anesthesia. Propofol (10 mg/ml) and ketamine (1 mg/ml) were administered with the use of two pumps. An initial bolus dose of 0.03 ml/kg of propofol and 5 mg of ketamine was administered intravenously. The anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of 0.01 ml/kg/min of propofol and 2 ml/min of ketamine. Fentanyl was administered when deemed necessary. The level of sedation, peri-operative parameters and side-effects were recorded.
RESULTS
The average periods from the induction of anesthesia and intraoperative infusion were 12.38 ± 5.84 min and 59.5 ± 22.15 min, respectively. Average propofol and total ketamine dose were 85.5 ± 10.62 μg/kg/min and 144.9 ± 45.62 mg, respectively. The average dose of fentanyl administered was 29.81 ± 27.40 μcg. An average period between the end of the infusion and the discharge to the urology clinic was 34.62 ± 22.89 min. Ten patients experienced nausea and five eventually vomited. Hallucinations were observed in five cases while visual disturbances in two patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined use of ketamine and propofol for the performance of PVP proved to be an efficient method for anesthesia. The "deep sedation" provided by these drugs was not associated with significant side-effects. Moreover, the use of the above method is indicated in patients with significant co-morbidities that should undergo PVP.
