Effects of armepavine against hepatic fibrosis induced by thioacetamide in rats.

The aim of this study was to investigate if armepavine (Arm, C₁₉H₂₃O₃N) could exert inhibitory effects against hepatic fibrosis in rats. A cell line of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) was stimulated with tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Arm. Rats were injected with thioacetamide (TAA; 300 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) thrice a week for 4 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis, with Arm (3 or 10 mg/kg) given by gavage twice a day. Liver sections were taken for western blotting, fibrosis scoring and immunofluorescence staining. Arm (1-10 µm) concentration-dependently attenuated TNF-α-stimulated: (i) protein expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I and angiopoietin-1; (ii) H₂O₂ production; and (iii) NF-κB, JunD and C/EBPß (cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding protein-ß (EBPß)) nuclear translocations in HSC-T6 cells. In vivo Arm treatment significantly reduced plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels, hepatic α-SMA expression and collagen contents, and fibrosis scores of TAA-injected rats. Moreover, Arm treatment decreased α-SMA- and NF-κB-positive cells in immunohistochemical staining, and mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TGF-ß1, TIMP-1, col1α2, iNOS and ICAM-1 genes, but up-regulated the metallothionein gene in the livers of TAA-injected rats. Our results indicated that Arm exerted both in vitro and in vivo antifibrotic effects in rats, with inhibition of NF-κB, JunD and C/EBPß pathways.