Lifespan extension drug interventions affect adipose tissue inflammation in aging.

The National Institute on Aging (NIA)-sponsored Interventions Testing Program (ITP) has identified a number of dietary drug interventions that significantly extend lifespan, including rapamycin, acarbose, and 17-α estradiol. However, these drugs have diverse downstream targets, and their effects on age-associated organ-specific changes are unclear (1). Potential mechanisms by which these drugs extend life could be through their effect on inflammatory processes often noted in tissues of aging mice and humans. Our study focuses on the effects of three drugs in the ITP on inflammation in gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) of HET3 mice-including adiposity, adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) M1/M2 polarization, markers of cellular senescence and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We found that rapamycin led to a 56% increase of CD45+ leukocytes in gWAT, where the majority of these are ATMs. Interestingly, rapamycin led to a 217% and 106% increase of M1 (CD45+CD64+CD206-) ATMs in females and males, respectively. Our data suggest rapamycin may achieve lifespan extension in part through adipose tissue inflammation. Additionally, HET3 mice exhibit a spectrum of age-associated changes in the gWAT, but acarbose and 17-α estradiol do not strongly alter these phenotypes-suggesting that acarbose and 17- α estradiol may not influence lifespan through mechanisms involving adipose tissue inflammation.