1.0 Background
While atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia requiring therapy, it is also associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, and death. The number of Americans affected with AF is expected to surge to nearly 16
Material abuse nowadays become a serious public health issue, among these, abusing of opioids is the most serious one. It cause HIV infection rate hiking up, recent years in Taiwan, it impairing people health as well. The successive 2 year methadone substitutive abstaining program makes HIV