antibacterial/hypoxia

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxemia/reoxygenation (H/R) on the regulation of interleukin-8 (IL-8)-stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) bactericidal activity. METHODS Venous human whole blood was rendered normoxic (Pvo2 saturation 60% to 80%),

ROS (reactive oxygen species) generated by hypoxia facilitate the vascular inflammatory response, but whether systemic hypoxia influences leucocyte bactericidal activity by modulating circulatory redox status remains unclear. The present study elucidates how various hypoxic interventions influence

Endotoxin (a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) component of the Gram negative bacterial cell wall) induces sepsis in laboratory animals and is the cause of septic shock in patients. Tissues often develop necrotic regions, particularly in kidney and liver, thought to be directly the result of

Phagocytosis and oxidative burst are critical host defense mechanisms in which neutrophils clear invading pathogens. Clearing phagocytic neutrophils by triggering apoptosis is an essential process for controlling inflammation. This study elucidates how various exercise bouts with/without hypoxia

Acute hypoxia can cause massive fish and shellfish mortality. Less clear is the role that chronic sublethal hypoxia might play in aquatic animal health. This study tested whether production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bactericidal activity of fish phagocytic cells are suppressed under the

In infected tissues oxygen tensions are low. As innate immune cells have to operate under these conditions, we analyzed the ability of macrophages (Mφ) to kill Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus in a hypoxic microenvironment. Oxygen restriction did not promote intracellular bacterial growth

In the present study, a new flavanoid 1, together with nine known ones 2-10 were isolated from the stem bark of Choerospondias axillaries, the fruit of which was used mainly for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. The structure of 1 was established on the basis of its extensive spectral

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that is a major regulator of energy homeostasis and cellular adaptation to low oxygen stress. HIF-1 is also activated in response to bacterial pathogens and supports the innate immune response of both phagocytes and keratinocytes. In this

A prodrug based on a known antibacterial compound is reported to target Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli under reductive conditions. The prodrug was prepared by masking the N-terminus and side chain amines of a component lysine residue as 4-nitrobenzyl carbamates. Activation to liberate

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is activated on exposure to bacterial pathogens and regulates the innate immune functions of phagocytes. We show here that the HIF-1alpha agonist mimosine can boost the capacity of human phagocytes and whole blood to kill the leading pathogen Staphylococcus

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in immune and inflammatory responses and is important in controlling a variety of processes in monocytes and macrophages. However, very little information is available about the functions of HIF-1α in fish monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). In

We investigated the effects of hypoxemia and hypoxemia-reoxygenation (H/R) on interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or IL-1beta stimulation of whole blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis and bactericidal activity. Whole blood PMN were rendered hypoxemic

Salvia przewalskii Maxim is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and is known to have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic and anti-depressant properties. However, the major active components of S. przewalskii and its anti-hypoxic effects are still unclear. This study probed the

Accumulating evidence suggests that the bactericidal activity of some antibiotics may not be directly initiated by target inhibition. The activity of isoniazid (INH), a key first-line bactericidal antituberculosis drug currently known to inhibit mycolic acid synthesis, becomes extremely poor under

We present a case report of a patient with Isolated pauci-immune pulmonary capillaritis (IPIPC). A 40-year-old male presented with acute onset severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. He had just returned home from work as a cabinetmaker, where he experienced inhalational exposure to hydrocarbons and