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OBJECTIVE
Prenatal exposure to antibacterials may permanently dysregulate fetal metabolic patterns via epigenetic pathways or by altering maternal microbiota. We examined the association of prenatal exposure to systemic antibacterials with overweight and obesity in schoolchildren.
METHODS
We
Obesity is associated with physiological changes that can alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs. Vancomycin and the aminoglycosides are the only antibacterials that have been extensively investigated in the obese population. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) and total body
Obesity is on course to overtake being underweight as a global disease burden. Obesity alters antibacterial pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Historically, drug PK/PD parameters have not been studied in obese populations. This means dose recommendations risk being sub-therapeutic in a
Obesity is a global pandemic affecting 33% of adults in the United States. Obese persons receiving cefazolin or fluconazole have been shown to have worse outcomes with suboptimal dosing. Studies evaluating the safety of colistin, daptomycin, and vancomycin have shown increased weight or obesity may
The possible influence on blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocyte functions of the small intestinal shunt operation for obesity was studied in 10 massively overweight patients. They were investigated prior to operation and for 9 months afterwards, when they had lost an average of 32 kg body
Insulin resistance and obesity are characterized by low nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Insulin sensitivity is improved with stimulation of NO generating pathways. Consumption of dietary nitrate (NO3-) increases NO formation, via NO3- reduction to nitrite (NO2-) by oral bacteria. We hypothesized
Acute nutritional deprivation occurs frequently in clinical practice, yet little data exist on its effect on immune host defenses. To investigate this question, various immune parameters were studied in 15 obese subjects before and after a 14-day fast. Blood monocyte bactericidal activity and
BACKGROUND
Obesity may be regarded as a low-grade inflammatory state.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in pro-inflammatory adipocytokines and the innate immune system, cardiovascular risk, and insulin sensitivity after massive weight loss.
METHODS
This was a longitudinal
We previously showed that mRNA expression of BPIFB1 (Bpifb1), an antibacterial protein in the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone protein family, was increased in parotid acinar cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD, NOD/ShiJcl) mice, which is an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome. However, we did
Against the background of reduced susceptibility of many pathogens to available antibacterial agents an optimized dosing of antibiotics is of increasing importance to avoid therapeutic failures and / or microbial resistance. Consideration of the individual body weight, as well as kidney and liver
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), a serine protease inhibitor, which was most commonly examined in mucosal fluids such as saliva, is a versatile molecule and plays non-redundant roles. In addition to its anti-protease activity, SLPI has been shown to express anti-bacterial, anti-viral,
Ceftolozane/tazobactam is approved for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) and complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) with renal function-based dose adjustment. Given that creatinine clearance, body weight and sex are highly correlated in severely/morbidly obese patients,
BACKGROUND
Patients undergoing cesarean delivery typically receive a 1-g to 2-g dose of cefazolin as pre-operative antibacterial prophylaxis. This traditional dosage may not provide an adequate tissue concentration of cefazolin in obese patients during the peri-operative period. This study compared
A kidney and skin biopsy were performed on a patient who developed cryoglobulinemia, polyarthritis, a purpuric skin rash, and acute renal failure four years following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Morphologic studies revealed a diffuse glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of
OBJECTIVE
To define the increased mRNA expression of Bpifb1, a member of the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein family, in parotid acinar cells from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome.
METHODS
Parotid acinar cells were prepared from female NOD