anticholinergic/hypoxia

Central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) following general anesthesia (GA) is a well known syndrome in children and adults. Many cases of CAS have been previously reported in the literature. However, there are only two reports of post resuscitation CAS after administration of small doses of atropine.

We examined central and peripheral components of cholinergic drug protection against hypoxia in male and female mice. Survival times were measured in groups of control and treated (i.p. injection) animals exposed to hypoxia (5% O2/95% N2). Body temperatures were also measured in separate groups of

The activation of event-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cytosolic phospholipaseA2 (cPLA2), which can aggravate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) damage related to their downstream Bcl-2/Bax and Caspase-3 pathway, plays a key role in H/R. The M1 receptors could be responsible for activation of ERK1/2.

1. In anaesthetized dogs the reflex vascular resistance changes in a perfused hind limb were studied following carotid baroreceptor or chemoreceptor stimulation. 2. The observed rises in resistance were sympathetically mediated and thus provided a means of studying the action of the cholinergic

The central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) includes central signs (somnolence, confusion, amnesia, agitation, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, delirium, stupor, coma) and peripheral signs (dry mouth, dry skin, tachycardia, visual disturbances and difficulty in micturition). It occurs when central

Adrenergic bronchodilators have the potential drawback that they may increase hypoxemia in spite of relieving air-flow obstruction in patients with asthma. Anticholinergic bronchodilators are of interest as alternatives to beta-adrenergic agents, particularly in patients with chronic bronchitis and

Salmonid embryos develop in cool waters over relatively long periods of time. Interestingly, hypoxic conditions have been found to be relatively common in some nesting sites (redds). The goals of this study were to determine the ontogeny of cardiac regulation in rainbow trout early life stages and

Effectiveness of the standard therapy for organophosphorus (OP) anticholinesterase poisoning has been questioned because of the relative resistance of the cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes to reactivation by oximes (Harris et al., 1968). Because tissue hypoxia may be a significant lethal component of OP

The influence of some cholinergic drugs has been studied during prophylactic treatment and the recovery period after acute hypobaric hypoxia (AHBH) on AHBH model. Cholinolytics and cholinomimetics were shown to produce different effects on the animal resistance to AHBH, their role in the formation

Little is known of the cardiorespiratory control mechanisms utilized by hypoxia-tolerant teleost fish to tolerate prolonged periods (h) of near anoxic exposure. Here, we report on the cardiorespiratory control mechanisms of the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. during normoxia and prolonged, severe

In the normoxic conditions, prior to the "ascent" of rabbits, the i.v. injection of M-choline blocking benactyzine slowed down the ECG rhythm already within the next few minutes. Irritation of the reticular formation against this background did not initiate the reaction of activation; yet, heart

Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is an anticholinergic drug that has been widely used in the clinic for years, evaluating for anesthetic premedication, anti-muscarinic, or improving microcirculation. However, very little is known about its protective effects against anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R)

Many of the drugs used in anesthesia and intensive care may cause blockade of the central cholinergic neurotransmission. Acetylcholine is of significance in modulation of the interaction among most other central transmitters. The clinical picture of the central cholinergic blockade, known as the

Cardiovascular control in cold-acclimated freshwater turtles during chronic anoxic exposure is not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that the observed bradycardia in Trachemys scripta results from increased cholinergic inhibitory tone and reduced sympathetic activity. Cardiovascular status

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and disabling condition in adults. Information about therapeutic effectiveness and adverse effects of common treatment options and how clinical and spirometric characteristics affect outcomes is not well known but is important for