atrophy/scopolamine

The effect of oxiracetam on passive avoidance conditioned response and acetylcholine (ACh) levels in rats with selective lesions of the central monoaminergic pathways was investigated. The lesions were followed by a marked decrease in cortical serotonin (-88%), noradrenaline (-54%) and striatal

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration and neuronal cell death, resulting in neural network dysfunction. As the underlying mechanisms, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation have been reported to contribute to the onset and deterioration

In training for passive avoidance using a device of the step-down type, the nootropic agents piracetam (60 mg/kg orally) and centrophenoxine (100 mg/kg, i. p.) do not facilitate learning, while the ergot alkaloid elymoclavine (1 mg/kg, i. p.) tends to have a positive effect on learning and memory.

We report the case of an ICU patient with previous medical history of head trauma with hydrocephalus requiring ventricular derivation, presenting a coma (Glasgow Coma Score=8) with bilateral mydriasis after the use of transdermal scopolamine (1 mg) for profuse bronchial secretions. Neurological

Senktide, a potent neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3-R) agonist, increases acetylcholine (ACh) release in the striatum, the prefrontal cortex (Schäble et al., 2011), the amygdala and hippocampus, presumably via postsynaptic mechanisms. A promnestic action of NK3-R agonists has been described in a variety

Transient visual evoked potentials elicited by the onset of a patterned stimulus were recorded in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), in healthy elderly controls and in healthy young individual. The latencies and amplitudes of both the components studied were adversely affected by

Administration of muscarinic cholinergic antagonists impairs performance on a variety of memory tasks. We examined the hypothesis that denervation of norepinephrine input to the forebrain would augment this effect of cholinergic antagonists. Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine into the dorsal

Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease and this disease induces progressive loss of memory function Scopolamine is a non-selective muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist and it induces impairment of learning ability. Exercise is known to ameliorate memory deficits

Lisinopril and fosinopril were compared on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats. A total of eighty-four male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Group I received 2% gum acacia orally for 4 weeks, group II received normal saline, and group III received scopolamine (2

The scopolamine model of amnesia has been used to test the pharmacodynamic efficacy of oxiracetam in 12 healthy volunteers. The subjects were divided into four experimental groups, according to a double-blind cross over incomplete randomized block design. After a baseline neuropsychological

The influence of scopolamine on elaboration and maintenance of conditioned reflexes of two-way avoidance was studied in rats under conditions of excess and deficit of serotonin in the brain. Administration of scopolamine to intact rats accelerated conditioning and did not prevent fixation of the

We evaluated the neuropharmacological effects of Gongjin-Dan (GJD) on the memory impairment caused by scopolamine injection. BALB/c mice were orally treated with GJD (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg, daily) or tacrine (THA, 10 mg/kg) for 10 days, and scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. The

Following brain injury there is an excessive release of excitatory neurotransmitters that may lead to secondary cell death. Although much research has focused on glutamate-NMDA receptor interactions, acetylcholine-muscarinic receptor interactions may also prove to be important for an understanding

Cholinergic dysfunction plays a crucial role in the memory deterioration of Alzheimer's disease, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. By employing a widely recognized cholinergic dysfunction rat model that was produced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine, we investigated the

Rats were trained to run on staircase stopping on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th steps (correct responses). Stopping on any other step was considered an error. The acute administration of scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) 20 min before the trial caused a reduction of the correct responses. An interruption of the