beta hydroxybutyric acid/inflammation

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone that is produced by gastric cells. Ghrelin stimulates food intake and increases gastric movement. In rat model, injected β‑hydroxybutyric acid (β‑HB) leads to a decrease in body weight. It has been reported that patients with gastric erosions are slower to evacuate

BACKGROUND Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2, also called GPR109A) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found in humans, rats, mice, hamsters and guinea pigs, but there are almost no reports of this protein in other species. In this investigation, we speculated that

Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major challenge in liver surgery. Diet restriction reduces liver damage by increasing stress resistance; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the preventive effect of 12-h fasting on mouse liver IRI. Partial

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cooling upon calving in alleviating the adverse effects of heat stress in Holstein lactating cows. Production performance, indicators of metabolic status, immune response, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were measured. Based on mature

BACKGROUND Titan plates have proven a success in the operative assistance of middle face fractures for stabile osteosynthesis. Also bioresorbant materials are being used increasingly. METHODS Films and plates made from poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) with two holes and bolts are tested

β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) has neuroprotective effects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Microglial activation plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases by producing several proinflammatory enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. The current study investigates the

BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Excessively activated microglia produce several pro-inflammatory enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to damage to surrounding neurons and eventually

G Protein Coupled Receptor 109A (GPR109A), which belongs to the G protein coupled receptor family, can be activated by niacin, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyric acid. Here, we assessed the anti-inflammatory activity of sodium butyrate (SB) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis

Transition to grain increases inflammation and causes parakeratosis, which can decrease growth performance in fattening animals. It is unknown if ruminants adapt to these inflammatory responses over time. In a three-phase, 49-day experiment, all wethers (n = 13, BW = 50.6 ± 4.7 kg; 4.9 ± 0.3

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a multifactorial disease that affects the central nervous system and periphery. A decline in brain glucose metabolism is an early feature of AD and is accompanied by a phenotypic shift from aerobic glycolysis to ketogenesis. The liver is responsible for the

Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in a 5-year-old male chestnut-fronted macaw (Ara severa) and an 8-year-old female Military macaw (Ara militaris) based on persistent hyperglycaemia and glucosuria. Hepatic biopsies showed marked hepatic haemosiderosis, while pancreatic biopsies showed no inflammatory

Microspheres have been prepared from the resorbable linear polyester of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB) by the solvent evaporation technique and investigated in vitro and in vivo. Biocompatibility of the microspheres has been proved in tests in the culture of mouse fibroblast

Epithelial cells are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity in response to different stresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate if alkali-injured corneal epithelia activate innate immunity through the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein

The influence of the potential methane reducer, fumaric acid (FA), on ruminal parameters, the rumen wall and organ weights was investigated in a long-term study with growing bulls. In all, 20 bulls were fed with maize or grass silage as roughage, and with concentrate with or without 300 g FA per