black/scopolamine

Black henbane (BH) or Hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. It applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. All part of BH including leaves, seeds and roots contain some

The hypothesis after scopolamine attenuates habituation occurring within a training session as well as that occurring between training sessions was tested and confirmed. Scopolamine injections (.5 mg/kg) reduced spontaneous wheel running in the prairie dog. The same dosage did not affect the

Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), known as Maca, is a Peruvian hypocotyl growing exclusively between 4,000 and 4,500 m altitude in the central Peruvian Andes, particularly in Junin plateau. Previously, Black variety of Maca showed to be more beneficial than other varieties of Maca on learning

The possible effects of anticholinesterases on the central nervous system and, in particular, on learning and memory, have generated considerable interest. Food caching in the black-capped chickadee is an excellent natural paradigm of spatial working memory. Its susceptibility to cholinergically

Central cholinergic (ACh) projections have been shown to modulate stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and are integral to the expression of electrophysiological correlates of arousal, namely hippocampal theta rhythm. The degree to which these actions of ACh are

Hippocampal cholinergic projections mediate attention to arousing stimuli as demonstrated by behavioral, electrophysiological, and endocrine studies. We recently reported that peripheral injections of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (SCOP) increased anxiety-like behaviour (ALB) in rats and we

This study evaluated cholineresterase inhibitory activity of Korean white ginseng extract (WGE), red ginseng extract (RGE), and black ginseng extract (BGE) and the cholinergic effect on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced amnesic mice. WGE, RGE, and BGE inhibited acetylcholineserase (AChE), as well as

Hairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus niger were cultivated in shake-flasks, a bubble-column bioreactor and a hybrid bubble-column/spray bioreactor and evaluated for alkaloid production. The latter gave the highest anisodamine content (0.67 mg/g dry wt) whereas scopolamine, hyoscyamine and cuscohygrine

BACKGROUND Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) extract is widely used in Korea as a traditional herbal tonic for increasing memory capacity in high-school students and also for numerous body ailments since centuries. The use of CMT to improve the learning capacity has been attributed to various plant

The tendency to select the T-maze arm that has been changed in brightness between two successive trials (response-to-change) was investigated in rats injected with scopolamine (Sc) or saline (NaCl) 20 min before the test. In the "passive" version of the test, when in trial 1 rats could inspect the

The tendency to select the T-maze arm that has been changed in brightness between two successive trials (response-to-change) was investigated. Our previous findings indicated that scopolamine injections (1.0 mg/kg) impaired responding to change of brightness in a choice trial (trial II) following a

The effect of a scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg, IP) on response-to-change behavior was investigated in two experiments. After exploration of a T-maze with one arm black and the other white (Trial 1), rats were tested with both arms either black or white (Trial 2). Experiment 1 revealed that the

The present study determined whether peripheral injections of the 5HT(1A) agonist (8-OH-DPAT), scopolamine infusions into the frontal cortex, or a combination of both drug treatments would produce impairments in rats trained on passive avoidance. Using a 2x2 design, rats were infused with either

Our previous findings indicated that hippocampal lesions (H) or scopolamine' injections (Sc) affected stimulus information acquired by distant observation of the white-black T-maze arms (the passive test), but left the information intact when it was gained by T-maze exploration (the active test).

In a passive avoidance paradigm, administration of scopolamine in mice seems to provoke forgetting of electric shocks they received when entering into the black compartment. We observed that, in fact, scopolamine reduced the shocks perception. Since, on the hot plate test, scopolamine did not affect