Single arm, intervention All recipients were treated with dry needling technique into active myofascial trigger points They received 1 treatment weekly for three weeks.

Myofascial Pain

insertion of needle into active myofascial trigger point

dry needling

A Study to Determine the Tissue Properties, Vascular Physiology and Biochemical Milieu of Myofascial Trigger Points

scale of 0-10 as a measure of pain severity

Digital palpation of the trigger point was performed by investigators and scored as present or absent; if present was it associated with spontaneous pain or was pain induced with palpation

Validated scale of pain severity and interference

self-reports of disability and health related quality of life Profile of Mood States, range of motion of neck and shoulder, manual muscle test)

grade strength 0-5, neck and shoulder girdle muscle

measures of mood and affect (depression and anxiety)

shoulder and neck range of motion in degrees

Naomi Lynn Gerber

Professor

George Mason University

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)

3 groups of hemophilia patients - Those with > 20 bleeds into a joint, those with < 2 bleeds into a joint and those with no bleeds into a joint will be enrolled into the study

3 groups of hemophilia patients Group I - Those with > 20 bleeds into a joint, Group II - those with < 2 bleeds into a joint and Group III - those with no bleeds into a joint will be enrolled into the study

plasma samples for angiogenic and cartilage degradation markers

Hemophilia A

Hemophilia B

Hemarthroses

ultrasound will be performed in hemophilia boys with a history of 20 joint bleeds- Group I, less than 2 joint bleeds into a joint -Group II and no joint bleeds- Group III

ultrasound

Feinstein Institute of Medical Research Northwell Health

Ultrasonography in Hemophilic Joint Disease and Serum Markers

Ultrasonography in Hemophilic Joint Disease

Synovial changes on USG- PDS:
Scoring system for synovitis which has 2 components - joint effusion and synovial thickening: Joint effusion will be defined as a compressible anechoic intracapsular area and the amount of fluid will be semiquantitatively scored usinga previosuly described scoring system by Martinoli et al. Quantitative assessment of the power Doppler signal: Power Doppler signal will be assessed subjectively for degree of vascularity -Table 2, Table 2
Degree of Vascularity PDS Signal Score Normal or minimal No signal or local dark red 1 Mild hyperemia Dark red to red 2 Moderate hyperemia Red to orange 3 Marked hyperemia Orange to yellow 4

Blood will be collected on the smae day of the study to measure synovial angiogenesis markers- VEGF, MMP-9, SDF-1, HIF-1 , endothelial progenitor cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells

Suchitra Acharya

Professor of Pediatrics

Northwell Health

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

University of California, San Diego

AIH protocol: it consists of 15, 90-second hypoxic episodes (FiO2=0.09) interspersed with 15, 90-second normoxic intervals (FiO2=0.21) for a total time of 45 minutes. This protocol will be repeated every day for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Total time: 4 weeks. After this AIH protocol, patients will received body weight-assisted treadmill training (BWSTT) for 45 minutes.

Sham protocol: it consists of continuous normoxia (FiO2=0.21) for 45 minutes for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Total time: 4 weeks.After this AIH protocol, patients will received body weight-assisted treadmill training (BWSTT) for 45 minutes.

IH protocol: it consists of 15, 90-second hypoxic episodes (FiO2=0.09) interspersed with 15, 90-second normoxic intervals (FiO2=0.21) for a total time of 45 minutes. This protocol was repeated every day for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. After each session of IH, patients received body weight-assisted treadmill training (BWSTT) for 45 minutes.
BWSTT: Patient´s gait was trained through a weight-assisted treadmill (BWSTT). All recruited patients started BWSTT at a speed of 0.6 km/hr. The physical therapist manually corrected posture to assure an adequate gait, increasing the speed of treadmill progressively depending upon the patient progress and tolerance. This training was done immediately after the protocol of IH.

Intermittent Hypoxia Arm

Sham protocol: it consisted of continuous normoxia (FiO2=0.21) for 45 minutes for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. After each session, patients received body weight-assisted treadmill training (BWSTT) for 45 minutes.
BWSTT: Patient´s gait was trained through a weight-assisted treadmill. All recruited patients started BWSTT at a speed of 0.6 km/hr. The physical therapist manually corrected the patient´s posture to assure an adequate gait, increasing the speed of treadmill progressively depending upon the patient progress and tolerance.

Normoxia Arm

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

The 10-meter walk test measures the time (in seconds) that it takes a patient to walk 10m.

Gait Speed With 10-Meter Walk Test

The 6-Minute Walk Test measures the distance (in meters) a patient is able to walk over 6 minutes.

IH protocol: it consisted of 15, 90-second hypoxic episodes (FiO2=0.09) interspersed with 15, 90-second normoxic intervals (FiO2=0.21) for a total time of 45 minutes. This protocol was repeated every day for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. After each session of IH, patients received body weight-assisted treadmill training (BWSTT) for 45 minutes.
BWSTT: Patient´s gait was trained through a weight-assisted treadmill (BWSTT). All recruited patients started BWSTT at a speed of 0.6 km/hr. The physical therapist manually corrected posture to assure an adequate gait, increasing the speed of treadmill progressively depending upon the patient progress and tolerance. This training was done immediately after the protocol of IH.

Gait Endurance With the 6-Minute Walk Test

The timed up and go test measures the time (in seconds) it takes the patient to stand-up from a seated position in a chair, walk 3 meters at a comfortable and safe pace, turn, walk back to the chair and sit down.

Gait Speed With the Timed up and go Test

The Ashworth Scale assess muscle tone. It is a 5-points scale ranging from 0 (no increase in muscle tone) to 4 (limb rigid in flexion or extension).

Percentage of Subjects With Worsening Muscle Tone on the Ashworth Scale

The visual analog test assess general pain intensity. It is a 10-score scale ranging from no pain (score 0) to unbearable pain (score 10).

Percentage of Subjects With Worsening Pain Perception on the "The Visual Analog Test"

The ROCF is a neuropsychological instrument used for assessment of episodic visual memory.
Z score ranges from -2 (worse outcome), -1, 0, 1 and 2 (best outcome). The normal population range is between -1 and 1.
Z score was calculated with the following formula: Z score = (direct score-average for a particular age range)/standard deviation

Learning and Memory With the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) Test

The TAVEC is the Spanish version of the California Verbal Learning Test and is used for the assessment of episodic verbal memory.
Z score ranges from -2 (worse outcome), -1, 0, 1 and 2 (best outcome). The normal population range is between -1 and 1.
Z score was calculated with the following formula: Z score = (direct score-average for a particular age range)/standard deviation

Learning and Memory With the Complutense Verbal Learning Test (TAVEC)

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia Arm

Overall Study

Dr. Angela Navarrete-Opazo

Spinal Cord Injuries

Patients will breath 9% oxigen for 1.5 minutes interspersed with 1.5 minutes of 21% oxigen (normoxia), 15 times for a total of 45 minutes.

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia

Patient´s gait will be trained through a weight-assisted treadmill (BWSTT). All recruited patients will start BWSTT at a speed of 0.6 km/hr. The physical therapist will manually correct posture to assure an adequate gait, increasing the speed of treadmill progressively depending upon the patient progress and tolerance. This training will be done immediately after the protocol of AIH or Sham and it will last 45 minutes.

Body weight-assisted treadmill training

It consists of continuous normoxia (FiO2=0.21) for 45 minutes for 5 consecutive days and then 3 times per week for 3 weeks. Total time: 4 weeks.

Sham Protocol

Hospital Mutual de Seguridad

Instituto de Rehabilitación Infantil Teletón

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia and Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training for Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia and Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training: a Potential Therapy for Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Angela A Navarrete-Opazo, MD, PhD

Angela A Navarrete-Opazo MD, PhD

Sociedad Pro Ayuda del Niño Lisiado

Hospital Clinico Mutual de Seguridad

Left arm blood pressure cuff inflation for 5 min then deflation of cuff for 5 min- cycle repeated 3 times before coronary artery bypass grafting.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Triple Vessel

Apoptotic DNA Damage

Remote ischemic preconditioning

Placebo

Medical University of Silesia

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning of Human Myocardium

Troponin-T release over the perioperative 72-hour period and its area under the curve (AUC)

All measurements, and in particular recovery of function will be compared between trabeculae from remotely preconditioned and "placebo" patients.

Two atrial trabeculae from the same appendage, one harvested at baseline, and another subjected to functional experiment (60 min hypoxia + 120 min reoxygenation) studied for:
apoptosis induction (Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 3, PARP and cleaved PARP -Western-Blot) or
apoptosis induction (Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 3, PARP, cleaved PARP immunohistochemistry, TUNEL) or
state of mitochondria (electron microscopy)

LV myocardium studied for:
apoptosis induction (Caspase 3 and cleaved Caspase 3, PARP and cleaved PARP -Western-Blot) or
apoptosis induction (Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 3, PARP, cleaved PARP immunohistochemistry, TUNEL) or
state of mitochondria (electron microscopy)

contracture/hypoxia

A Study to Determine the Tissue Properties, Vascular Physiology and Biochemical Milieu of Myofascial Trigger Points

Ultrasonography in Hemophilic Joint Disease and Serum Markers

Acute Intermittent Hypoxia and Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training for Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Patients

Remote Ischemic Preconditioning of Human Myocardium

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