The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is crucial in head injuries and pathologies such as brain edema, arachnoid cyst, craniosynostosis or, in very-low-birthweight infants, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Some current methods of ICP are invasive and, in the case of lumbar puncture, require
Predicting fluid responsiveness in the operating room is essential to guide balanced resuscitation. Aggressive resuscitation may lead to significant morbidities, such as intra-abdominal hypertension, pulmonary edema, difficulty with ventilator liberalization, and consequently increased mortality.