4 结果
The occurrence of craniosynostosis (premature closure of cranial sutures) has been reported to be 3 to 5 per 10,000 live births. The incidence is even lower among African-American infants. The District of Columbia General Hospital serves primarily the African-American population with approximately
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Birth Defects Study suggests that environmental exposures including maternal thyroid diseases, maternal nicotine use, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may exacerbate incidence and or severity of craniofacial
BACKGROUND
While associations between secondhand smoke and a few birth defects (namely, oral clefts and neural tube defects) have been noted in the scientific literature, to our knowledge, there is no single or comprehensive source of population-based information on its associations with a range of
BACKGROUND
Despite documented evidence of harm to fetus and infant, a substantial number of women continue to smoke during pregnancy and lactation.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the literature regarding smoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding to ascertain adverse effects as well as the efficacy of