diabetic nephropathies/headache

BACKGROUND Various blood pressure-lowering agents, and particularly inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), are widely used for people with diabetes to prevent the onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This is an update of a Cochrane review first

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of ESRD worldwide. Reduced bioavailability or uncoupling of nitric oxide in the kidney, leading to decreased intracellular levels of the nitric oxide pathway effector molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), has been implicated in the progression

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) is advocated as a safe treatment for immune-mediated neurologic disease. We reviewed the medical records of 88 patients who were given IVIg for a neurologic illness. Major complications in four patients (4.5%) included congestive heart failure in a patient with

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) represent a new class of effective and well tolerated orally active antihypertensive agents. Recent clinical trials have shown the added benefits of ARBs in hypertensive patients (reduction in left ventricular hypertrophy, improvement in diastolic function,

BACKGROUND In the last decade, despite constant investigation, no current single treatment has been able to decrease the incidence of diabetic nephropathy and to significantly reduce progression of diabetic CKD. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and proteinuria (>0.5 g/day) after a

It is unclear whether physiologic hemoglobin targets lead to cardiac benefit in incident hemodialysis patients without symptomatic heart disease and left ventricular dilation. In this randomized, double-blind study, lower (9.5 to 11.5 g/dl) and higher (13.5 to 14.5 g/dl) hemoglobin targets were