fumarase/inflammation

Organisms have evolved two different classes of the ubiquitous enzyme fumarase: the [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing class I enzymes are oxidant-sensitive, whereas the class II enzymes are iron-free and therefore oxidant-resistant. When hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) attacks the

OBJECTIVE Protein succination by fumarate increases in the adipose tissue of diabetic mice and in adipocytes matured in high glucose as a result of glucotoxicity-driven mitochondrial stress. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is succinated in adipocytes

C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) is a transcription factor that is elevated in adipose tissue across many models of diabetes and metabolic stress. Although increased CHOP levels are associated with the terminal response to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis, there is no evidence for CHOP