Smallholder farmers in Malawi are faced with limited options for climate smart agriculture that would restore soil fertility and increase maize yield. Ten plots of maize intercropped with Gliricidia sepium (MIG) and 10 traditional sole-maize (TSM) plots (0.2 ha each) were studied under farmer
The selection of shade trees with appropriate spacing is important for minimising their impact on nutrient accumulation by understorey cash crops in agroforestry systems. Cocoa trees may be intercropped with overstorey legume or non-legume shade trees. A legume tree and/or a non-legume timber tree