hyoscyamus niger/nicotine

Plant secondary metabolites are a wide variety of low-molecular weight compounds whose productions are often enhanced in response to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Many of the responses are mediated by a class of hormones, named as jasmonates. In jasmonate biosynthetic pathway of plants, allene

Morphological characteristics were studied in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) cybrids possessing the tobacco nuclear genome, Hyoscyamus niger plastome and recombinant mitochondria. After backcrosses with tobacco, new flower modifications were found, including: conversions of stamens into branched

The genetic basis of multiple phenotypic alterations was studied in cell-engineered cybrids Nicotiana tabacum (+ Hyoscyamus niger) combining the nuclear genome of N. tabacum, plastome of H. niger and recombinant mitochondria. The plants possess a complex, maternally inheritable syndrome of

1. No hybrid plants of Nicotiana tabacum + Petunia hybrida were regenerated from calluses of fusion experiments with mesophyll protoplasts of N. tabacum s, s (2) and v and of P. hybrida mu 1 (2). 2. After in vitro pollination of ovules of N. tabacum with pollen of P. hybrida, filamentous proembryos

N-methylputrescine is the precursor of nicotine and pharmaceutical tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine. Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) catalyzes the N-methylation of putrescine to form N-methylputrescine. While the role of PMT in nicotine biosynthesis is clear, knowledge of PMT in the

Hyoscyamine-6beta-hydroxylase (H6H; EC 1.14.11.11) catalyses oxidative reactions in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hyoscyamine to the more pharmaceutically valuable tropane alkaloid scopolamine. The h6h gene encoding H6H from Hyoscyamus niger was introduced, under the control of the CaMV 35S

Tropane alkaloids are valuable pharmaceutical drugs derived from solanaceous plants such as Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane). The biosynthesis of these molecules, including the nature of the enigmatic rearrangement of (R)-littorine to (S)-hyoscyamine, is not completely understood. To test the

The cDNA from Nicotiana tabacum encoding Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids, has been introduced into the genome of a scopolamine-producing Hyoscyamus niger mediated by the disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain

Root cultures of various solanaceous plants grow well in vitro and produce large amounts of tropane alkaloids. Enzyme activity that converts hyoscyamine to 6beta-hydroxyhyoscyamine is present in cell-free extracts from cultured roots of Hyoscyamus niger L. The enzyme hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase

The absence of state transitions in a Nt(Hn) cybrid is due to a cleavage of the threonine residue from the misprocessed N-terminus of the LHCII polypeptides. The cooperation between the nucleus and chloroplast genomes is essential for plant photosynthetic fitness. The rapid and specific interactions

The family Solanaceae includes several melliferous plants, which tend to produce copious amounts of nectar. Floral nectar is a chemically complex aqueous solution, dominated by sugars, but minor components such as amino acids, proteins, flavonoids and alkaloids are present as well. This study aimed

Putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT, EC 2.1.1.53) catalyses the first specific step in the biosynthesis of tropane and nicotine alkaloids. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) contains neither nicotine nor the medicinal tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine or scopolamine, but calystegines. They are nortropane

Four cDNAs for spermidine synthase (SPDS), which converts the diamine putrescine to the higher polyamine spermidine using decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as the co-factor, were isolated from Nicotiana sylvestris, Hyoscyamus niger, and Arabidopsis thaliana. When the N.sylvestris SPDS cDNA was

The cDNAs encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), which catalyzes the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent N-methylation of putrescine at the first committed step in the biosynthetic pathways of tropane alkaloids, were isolated from Atropa belladonna and Hyoscyamus niger. These PMTs, however,

The AbH6H gene for hyoscyamine 6beta-hydroxylase (H6H), which converts hyoscyamine to scopolamine, was isolated from Atropa belladonna. This plant also possesses a related sequence, Ab psiH6H, which appears to be a non-functional pseudo-gene. AbH6H RNA was detected in cultured root, native root and