macular degeneration/nicotine

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of nicotine on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS One group of mice received nicotine in drinking water and the other group received water only.

Retinoids (vitamin A) serve two distinct functions in higher animals: light absorption for vision and gene regulation for growth and development. Cigarette smoking is a contributing factor for diseases that affect vision such as age-related macular degeneration and increases the risk of birth

OBJECTIVE To explore the association of use versus no use and the influence of pack-year use of smokeless tobacco with that of early and late age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in rural and urban south Indian population. We hypothesized that the use and pack-years of use would be significantly

BACKGROUND Smokers with greater knowledge of the health effects of smoking are more likely to quit and remain abstinent. Australia has communicated the causal association of smoking and blindness since the late 1990s. In March 2007, Australia became the first country to include a pictorial warning

BACKGROUND Health warning labels (HWL) on tobacco products help educate smokers about the health effects from smoking; however, there is a need to improve HWL content including images and text to increase effectiveness. In Canada, a HWL was created that communicates smoking's causal association with

The purpose of the paper is to assess the development of research in the area of tobacco-related ocular diseases during the last 200 years. Although the first papers about the toxic effect of tobacco on the eye appeared in the beginnings of the XVIIth century, the real interest in this issue arose

The macula is a constituent of the sensory retina that is necessary for sharp contrast and color vision. A significant relationship has been found between tobacco smoking and age-related macular degeneration. Opsin, rhodopsin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) are located in excitable membranes of retina

It is accepted that tobacco smoking impairs different functions of the organ of vision and can be the cause of different eye diseases. It is well-known that tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 substances, some of them exerting toxic influence on the eye by producing the ischemia or/and oxidative

OBJECTIVE Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are best known for their role in neurotransmission, but they have recently been demonstrated on vascular endothelial cells. Acetylcholine is their endogenous ligand, but they are also stimulated by nicotine. By stimulating nAChR, nicotine promotes

OBJECTIVE A national census survey of optometrists in Canada measured knowledge of ocular diseases associated with smoking cigarettes and current practice behaviors related to addressing tobacco use with patients, including prevention and cessation. Optometrists were also asked to identify tools to

The purpose of the current study is to understand the effects of nicotine in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19), human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and rat neurosensory retinal (R28) cells. ARPE-19, HMVEC and R28 cell cultures were treated with 10(-2) and 10(-4)M nicotine for 24h.

Tobacco smoke contains more than 4,000 compounds. These include phenols, carbonyls, and nitrosamines that may be irritants and carcinogens; particulate matter such as tars; volatiles and gases such as carbon monoxide; and nicotine. Many of these compounds may contribute to the adverse health effects

OBJECTIVE The study sought to measure the relative efficiency of different television advertisements and types of television programmes in which advertisements were placed, in generating calls to Australia's national Quitline. METHODS The study entailed an analysis of the number of calls generated