patulin/inflammation

Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin, is a natural contaminant that is produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys. The major contamination of PAT is in apple and apple based products. PAT is known to cause glutathione depletion, oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation.

Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of Penicillium and Aspergillus species which are likely natural contaminants of various foods. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of lifetime administration of patulin in FDRL Wistar rats. Animals received patulin by gastric

Mycotoxins are bioactive compounds that are noxious to human. Their effects on oncogenesis have been satisfactorily elucidated, and some of mycotoxins have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. Nevertheless, patulin (PAT) is considered by the International Agency of Research on Cancer as 'not

Citrinin (CTN) and patulin (PAT) are fungal secondary metabolites which are found in food and feed and showed organotoxicity in mature animals. In this study zebrafish embryos were applied to investigate the developmental toxicity of CTN and PAT on embryonic kidney. In the presence of CTN and PAT,

Innate immune responses are important for pathogen elimination and adaptive immune response activation. However, excess inflammation may contribute to immunopathology and disease progression (e.g. inflammation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma). Immune modulation resulting from pattern recognition

Patulin is a mycotoxin and its contamination of food has been reported to cause gastrointestinal inflammation, ulcers, and bleeding. The toxicity of patulin is thought to be due to the destruction of tight junctions (TJs) in gastrointestinal tissues. However, the precise mechanism has not been

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites responsible of food-mediated intoxication in animals and humans. Deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and patulin are the best known enteropathogenic mycotoxins able to alter intestinal functions resulting in malnutrition, diarrhea, vomiting and intestinal

Patulin, a secondary metabolite produced by species of the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus, was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 50-60 g, by the oral, sc and ip routes. The 72-hr LD50 values (in mg/kg weight) were: oral, 55.0; sc, 11.0; ip, 10.0. Mortality was greatest 0-24 hr

Patulin is a mycotoxin mainly found in apple and apple products. In addition to being toxic for animals, mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic, patulin induces intestinal injuries, including epithelial cell degeneration, inflammation, ulceration, and hemorrhages. In a study of the cellular

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin widely found in fruits and vegetables. Several reviews and studies have hypothesized that in vivo PAT toxicity is related to gut barrier dysfunction, but evidence for this is not substantial. The goal of the present study was to further demonstrate the role of the gut

Mold has been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of mold exposure in early life through epidemiologic and mechanistic studies in vivo and in vitro. Exposure to visible mold

Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of fungal species, are the most frequently occurring natural food contaminants in human and animal diets. Risk assessment of mycotoxins focused as yet on their mutagenic, genotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects. Recently, there is an increasing awareness of