peripheral arterial disease/protease

OBJECTIVE Protein Z is a vitamin K-dependent protein that serves as a cofactor for the inhibition of activated factor X by the serpin protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI). Protein Z plasma levels have been shown to be reduced in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but ZPI levels

BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease is a potentially incapacitating disease for which pharmacological options are limited. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a chemokine that attracts endothelial progenitor cells and promotes angiogenesis. Therapeutic use of SDF-1 in hindlimb ischemia may be

BACKGROUND Despite the current standard of care, patients with cardiovascular disease remain at a high risk for recurrent events. Inhibition of thrombin-mediated platelet activation through protease-activated receptor-1 antagonism may provide reductions in atherosclerotic disease beyond those

OBJECTIVE The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, dosage and administration, cost, and place in therapy of vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic events are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Vorapaxar is a highly selective, reversible antagonist of

Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 inhibitors have recently become popular in the use of atherosclerosis among clinicians. Atherosclerosis can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events leading to one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Thrombin-mediated platelets can cause

Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) has been considered as a promising antiplatelet target to prevent thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction or peripheral arterial diseases. Previously, we found a series of octahydroindene analogues to have high potency on

Twenty-three years after the discovery of the first thrombin receptor, now known as protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), the first drug targeting this receptor is available for human use. The PAR1 inhibitor, vorapaxar (Zontivity, MSD), was recently approved by the FDA for use in the USA for the

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) constitutes a group of pathophysiological entities resulting from reduced blood flow in the coronary arteries leading to decreased or improper functioning or death of heart muscle. Such patients are usually prescribed combination antiplatelet drug therapy, containing

Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) has been considered as a promising antiplatelet target to prevent thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with prior myocardial infarction or peripheral arterial diseases. Previously, we found a series of octahydroindene analogues to have high potency on

Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risks for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with atherosclerotic disease, and it is also beneficial in managing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). These agents work through various therapeutic pathways to achieve antithrombotic effects. Although

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most important causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and its prevalence is alarmingly increasing in modern societies. PAD shares common characteristics with the other atherosclerotic diseases but involves specifically the arteries of the lower

BACKGROUND The serine protease thrombin is the most potent platelet agonist and acts mainly via protease-activated receptors (PAR)-1 and -4. Data linking in vitro thrombin generation potential with PAR-1-mediated platelet activation and adverse events after angioplasty and stenting are missing, so

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been proven to be a causal factor of atherosclerosis and, along with other triggers like inflammation, the most frequent reason for peripheral arterial disease. Moreover, a linear correlation between LDL-C concentration and cardiovascular outcome in

BACKGROUND Platelet adhesion is mediated by von Willebrand factor (vWF), and disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type-1 motif, number 13 (ADAMTS13) is a protease that cleaves vWF. A change in the balance between vWF and ADAMTS13 in favor of thrombosis might occur shortly

Protease-activated receptors are a family of four GPCRs (PAR1-PAR4) with a number of unique attributes. Nearly two and a half decades after the discovery of the first PAR, an antagonist targeting this receptor has been approved for human use. The first-in-class PAR1 antagonist, vorapaxar, was