pinus thunbergii/nicotine

Chlorophyll biosynthesis is catalyzed by two multi subunit enzymes; a light-dependent and a light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase. The light-independent enzyme consists of three subunits (ChlL, ChlN and ChlB) in photosynthetic bacteria and plastids in which the chlB gene encodes the

The migratory plant-parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, which causes serious damage to pine forests in China. Plant immunity plays an important role in plant resistance to multiple pathogens. Activation of the plant immune system is generally

The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has caused serious damage to pine forests in China. Effectors secreted by phytonematodes play a role in host infection. We identified and characterized an effector, BxSapB1, based on the B. xylophilus transcriptome at the early stages of

The chloroplast genome of black pine (Pinus thunbergii), a gymnosperm, contains 32 different tRNA genes, 30 of which correspond to those previously identified in tobacco and rice chloroplast genomes. Two additional genes encode tRNA(Pro) (GGG) and tRNA(Arg) (CCG); the former is newly identified

BACKGROUND Chloroplast genomes evolve slowly and many primers for PCR amplification and analysis of chloroplast sequences can be used across a wide array of genera. In some cases 'universal' primers have been designed for the purpose of working across species boundaries. However, the essential

This study compared homology of base sequences in genes encoding photosynthetic system proteins of cyanobacteria (Synechocystics sp. PCC6803, Nostoc sp. PCC7120) with these of chloroplasts (from Marchantia Polymorpha, Nicotiana tobacum, Oryza sativ, Euglena gracilis, Pinus thunbergii, Zea mays,