Two new anthraquinone glucosides [aloe-emodin 8-O-β-d-(6'-galloyl)glucopyranoside (1) and rhein 8-O-β-d-(6'-galloyl)glucopyranoside (2)], together with 16 known compounds (3-18), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Rheum hotaoense C.Y. Cheng et C.T. Kao. Their structures were elucidated on