Procedure: Endotracheal tube
Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, HR, CO, rSO2, TCD) will be recorded at 8 moments:
baseline, in the operating room before anesthetic induction (non invasive arterial pressure)
end of surgery, before awakening (ETT group) or before ETT replacement (LMA group)
at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after extubation or LMA removal (according to group assignment).

Procedure: Laryngeal mask
Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, HR, CO, rSO2, TCD) will be recorded at 8 moments:
baseline, in the operating room before anesthetic induction (non invasive arterial pressure)
end of surgery, before awakening (ETT group) or before ETT replacement (LMA group)
at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after extubation or LMA removal (according to group assignment).

Skull Base Neoplasms

In the Endotracheal group In the ETT group, the procedure will be exactly the same except that the ETT will not be exchanged and the patient will be directly extubated
Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, HR, CO, rSO2, TCD) will be recorded at 8 moments:
baseline, in the operating room before anesthetic induction (non invasive arterial pressure)
end of surgery, before awakening (ETT group) or before ETT replacement (LMA group)
at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after extubation or LMA removal (according to group assignment).

endotracheal tube

In the LMA group, after aspirating pharyngeal secretions and with the patient still under general anesthesia, we will insert a Proseal LMA (Laryngeal Mask Co. Ltd., Le Rocher, Victoria, Mahe Seychelles) and extubate the trachea using a guided Bailey technique
Hemodynamic variables (blood pressure, HR, CO, rSO2, TCD) will be recorded at 8 moments:
baseline, in the operating room before anesthetic induction (non invasive arterial pressure)
end of surgery, before awakening (ETT group) or before ETT replacement (LMA group)
at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after extubation or LMA removal (according to group assignment).

Laryngeal mask

Anesthesia department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona

Effects on the Awakening With Laryngeal Mask vs Endotracheal Tube in Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Base Surgery

Changes in systolic blood pressure comparing two methods lma vs ett

Compare noradrenaline levels in both groups

Ricard Valero

MD, PhD

Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica

First performance three nights of HRP and following one night of laboratory PSG

First perform laboratory PSG and following three nights of HRP

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Home Respiratory Polygraphy

Standard Polysomnography

Hospital Clinic

Diagnosis of Patients With Low or Intermediate Suspicion of SAHS or With Comorbidity: Standard Laboratory Polysomnography Compared With Three Nights of Home Respiratory Polygraphy.

Diagnosis, Cost and Therapeutic Decision-Making of Home Respiratory Polygraphy for Patients Without High Suspicion of OSA or With Comorbidity - Hospital Polysomnography in Comparison With Three Nights of Home Respiratory Polygraphy

The investigators want to compare the clinical decision between full PSG (CPAP or NO CPAP)and respiratory polygraphy performed during 3 nights (CPAP or NO CPAP) when there is discrepancy between symptoms and data from respiratory polygraphy.

AHI obtained from full PSG versus the mean values of the 3 respiratory polygraphy nights

Cost-effectiveness of the 2 different patients' management methods

Jose M. Montserrat

MD PhD. Pulmonary

Hospital Clinic of Barcelona

The intervention consists of 2, 3-hour workshops conducted by a master trainer with experience in promoting PA in preschoolers. Each provider in the intervention group is given the Healthy Opportunities for Preschoolers resource training manual, suggested implementation, and a starter kit of equipment. Master Trainers facilitated biweekly PA sessions throughout the intervention.
During the 6 month intervention, Preschoolers Activity Trial staff will visit the day care facilities to conduct baseline, 3 month, and 6 month measurements.

Day cares randomly assigned to the control group will continue with their existing programming. Day care providers will receive the PA intervention upon completion of their involvement in the 6 month trial, including: 2 three hour educational workshops, Healthy Opportunities for Preschoolers manual and program outlining the ideal implementation of activities from the manual.
During the 6 month intervention, Preschoolers Activity Trial staff will visit the day care facilities to conduct baseline, 3 month, and 6 month measurements.

Obesity

The intervention consists of 2, 3-hour workshops conducted by a master trainer with experience in promoting PA in preschoolers. The workshops focus on the importance of PA and movement skills for preschool-aged children, understanding structured and unstructured play, practical activities related to movement skills, how to overcome barriers in facilitating PA, and using everyday materials to facilitate PA and active play. Each provider in the intervention group is given the Healthy Opportunities for Preschoolers resource training manual, suggested implementation, and a starter kit of equipment. Master Trainers facilitated biweekly PA sessions throughout the intervention. The intervention is based on NASPE (2002) guidelines of not having children sedentary more than 60 mins at a time, having children accumulate 60 mins in structured and unstructured PA (active play) each day at MVPA, as well as 180 mins of total PA as recommended by the Canadian PA Guidelines for preschoolers.

Physical Activity Intervention

Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute

Preschoolers Activity Trial

Preschoolers Activity Trial - a Pilot Randomized Controlled to Increase Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Behaviour

Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is measured objectively with the children wearing Actical accelerometers for one week. MVPA measured in minutes per day.

Anthropometrics measured include height in metres (using stadiometer), weight in kg (using medical grade scale), body mass index calculated in kg/m2, lean body mass in kg, fat mass in kg, and percent body fat (using bio-electrical impedance)

To evaluate the effects of PA intervention on fundamental and gross motor skills in preschoolers attending day care. Gross motor skills will evaluated utilizing the Test of Gross Motor Development- 2 (TGMD-2). Gross motor quotient (GMQ) data will be reported.

A questionnaire is completed assessing the effects of PA intervention on day care providers attitudes, control beliefs, and self-efficacy toward incorporating PA into the day care curriculum. Data will be self-reported by daycare providers using a questionnaire developed specifically for the study by the investigators.

Sedentary behaviour is measured objectively with the children wearing Actical accelerometers for one week. Sedentary behaviour is measured in minutes per day.

Total Physical Activity (TPA) is measured objectively with the children wearing Actical accelerometers for one week. TPA measured in minutes per day and accelerometer counts per day.

victoria/nicotine

Effects on the Awakening With Laryngeal Mask vs Endotracheal Tube in Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Base Surgery

Diagnosis of Patients With Low or Intermediate Suspicion of SAHS or With Comorbidity: Standard Laboratory Polysomnography Compared With Three Nights of Home Respiratory Polygraphy.

Preschoolers Activity Trial

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