Inflammation, Microbiota, and Prostate Cancer.
關鍵詞
抽象
BACKGROUND
Chronic inflammation of the prostate has been associated with preneoplastic lesions and cancer development. Multiple causes have been considered for chronic inflammation of the prostate. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins are implicated in prostate carcinogenesis and development.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate literature published on etiological factors, urinary microbiota, morphological features of proliferative inflammatory atrophy and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, genetic polymorphisms, inflammatory stress, and cytokine signaling.
METHODS
We searched literature from PubMed from 2010 and also included the most important publications from the previous period.
RESULTS
Prostate cancer inflammation and premalignant lesions have been frequently discussed in scientific literature. A limited number of models are available for studying inflammation and premalignant lesions. However, morphological pathology could be complemented by analysis of gene polymorphisms in these patients and appropriate functional studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Prostatitis could be caused by bacterial or viral infections, dietary compounds, and changes in testosterone:estradiol ratio. In some cases, the microbiota can exert direct effects on cancer development. Prostate inflammatory atrophy or high grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia have been associated with response to cellular stress and have been discussed in connection to early cancer development. A large number of genetic polymorphisms have been identified in inflammatory prostate. Genetic and epigenetic alterations may be a consequence of the proinflammatory stress in the prostate. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and -8 contribute to prostate malignancy; however, their function was more frequently investigated in cancer tissue rather than in inflammation.
UNASSIGNED
We performed a review of recent literature related to prostate inflammation, microbiota, and prostate cancer. New functional approaches are required for a better understanding of the role of inflammation and cancer development.
