amblyopia/stroke

Neural plasticity plays a crucial role in human development. During development, neural networks are shaped by experience-dependent processes that selectively strengthen and prune connections so that those that remain match the environment and process it optimally. Over time, neural connections

In this introductory article, we summarize the evidence from humans and animal models on the shaping of postnatal visual development by focused binocular input. When balanced input is missing during a sensitive period, deficits emerge, including seemingly permanent impairments in visual acuity that

There are striking similarities between the visual defect of amblyopia and the motor deficit of the extremities produced by such types of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) as stroke and traumatic brain injury, both after and before maturity. Part of the motor deficit of the extremities

OBJECTIVE Several hereditary ischemic small-vessel diseases of the brain have been reported during the last decade. Some of them have ophthalmological, mainly retinal, manifestations. Herein, we report on a family affected by vascular leukoencephalopathy and variable abnormalities of the anterior

The authors describe a case of unilateral abducens nerve palsy following perinatal stroke of the middle cerebral artery. A 1-year-old boy presented with left eye esotropia but no other ocular abnormalities. The patient's history, examination, and diagnostic tests were consistent with abducens nerve

A 30-year-old obese patient with a rapidly progressing chiasmal syndrome presented with acute bitemporal hemianopia, severe bilateral amblyopia, mental confusion, and lethargy. X-ray films of the skull showed a normal sella turcica and computed tomography scan as well as angiography revealed a

Reading difficulties caused by hemianopia are well described. We present a study of alexia in a patient (NT) with a milder visual field deficit. The patient had suffered a cerebral haemorrhage causing damage to the left occipital cortex and underlying white matter. NT's text reading was slow and

Pituitary apoplexy is rare and underdiagnosed. It results from either infarction or hemorrhage into an adenoma of the pituitary gland. The clinical presentation comprises a rapid development of impaired consciousness, severe headache, and amblyopia or diplopia. Meningeal irritation signs are

Noninvasive brain stimulation is a technique for inducing changes in the excitability of discrete neural populations in the human brain. A current model of the underlying pathological processes contributing to the loss of motor function after stroke has motivated a number of research groups to

The human brain possesses a remarkable ability to adapt in response to changing anatomical (e.g., aging) or environmental modifications. This form of neuroplasticity is important at all stages of life but is critical in neurological disorders such as amblyopia and stroke. This review focuses upon

OBJECTIVE Subjects with severe hemiplegic cerebral palsy have increased ipsilateral corticospinal projections from their noninfarcted cortex. We investigated whether their severe impairment might, in part, be caused by activity-dependent, competitive displacement of surviving contralateral

To present an overview of the range of systematic reviews on intervention trials pertinent to orthoptic practice, produced by the Cochrane Eyes and Vision group (CEV). We searched the 2016 Cochrane Library database (31.03.2016) to identify completed reviews and protocols of direct relevance to

The congenital retinocephalic facial vascular malformation syndrome is characterized by unilateral, nonhereditary retinal and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and is occasionally associated with orbital vascular changes. Typical signs are facial and oral mucosal vascular changes, rarely

In young and middle age subjects, spontaneous carotid dissection is an increasingly recognized cause of ischemic stroke. Their usual presentation is facial pain with a Horner syndrome and a contra lateral paresis. Blindness has been reported as a presenting symptom in only a few cases. We report a