calmodulin/obesity

BACKGROUND Obesity has emerged as a major cause of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and renal insufficiency worldwide. Obese Zucker rats exhibit hyperphagia, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and glomerulosclerosis and are frequently used as a model to study hereditary form of metabolic

The possible relationships between altered brain serotonin and calmodulin contents on the development of obesity were studied. Eight groups of mice separated by differences in phenotype, sex and age were used in this study. The brain contents of tryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

Polymorphisms in the region of the calmodulin-dependent kinase isoform D (CaMK1D) gene are associated with increased incidence of diabetes, with the most common polymorphism resulting in increased recognition by transcription factors and increased protein expression. While reducing CaMK1D expression

A hallmark of obesity is selective suppression of hepatic insulin signaling ("insulin resistance"), but critical gaps remain in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms. We now report a major role for hepatic CaMKII, a calcium-responsive kinase that is activated in obesity. Genetic targeting of

This article highlights studies published during the past year that represent significant scientific achievements in the world of calmodulin kinase cascades. Calmodulin is the primary receptor for calcium present in all cells. The binding of its calcium ligand results in a conformational change in

Nowadays, high epidemic obesity-triggered hypertension and diabetes seriously damage social public health. There is now a general consensus that the body's fat content exceeding a certain threshold can lead to obesity. Calcium ion is one of the most abundant ions in the human body. A large number of

A perturbation of zinc metabolism has been noted in subjects with obesity. Zinc may also participate in the intracellular signal cascade by affecting cellular calcium influx and a change in the calcium-calmodulin (CaM)-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. The possible effects of zinc on

Exposure to dietary restriction during the periconceptional period in either normal or obese ewes results in increased adrenal growth and a greater cortisol response to stress in the offspring, but the mechanisms that programme these changes are not fully understood. Activation of the angiotensin

The action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases is essential for multiple physiological responses. Each protein kinase displays its own unique substrate specificity, and a regulatory mechanism that may be modulated by association with other proteins. Protein kinases are classified by the

Obese Zucker rat (OZR) is a genetic model of obesity with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension. The OZR exhibit hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidmia, and high circulating glucocorticoid levels. We have shown previously that long-term potentiation (LTP) is impaired in the CA1 region of the

BACKGROUND Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to cardiac dysfunction in obesity models, such as alterations in calcium (Ca²⁺) handling proteins and β-adrenergic receptors. Nevertheless, the role of these factors in the development of myocardial dysfunction induced by obesity is

The activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) may play a critical role in the modulation of nociceptor activity and plasticity of primary sensory trigeminal neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoreactivity of phosphorylated CaMKIIα (pCaMKIIα) in

High-fat diet (HFD) not only induces insulin resistance in liver, but also causes autophagic imbalance, metabolic disorders, increases chronic inflammatory response and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) has recently emerged as an important

The effects of calcitonin on lipid metabolism were investigated in three kinds of rats, one strain of rabbits, and a primary culture of rat hepatocytes. In a short-term experiment, calcitonin decreased serum cholesterol and triglycerides after injection in rats on either an ordinary or high-fat

BACKGROUND Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal is impaired in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is tightly linked to impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake and storage. Impaired activation of glycogen synthase (GS) by insulin is a well-established defect in both obesity and T2DM, but