farnesol/breast neoplasms

Anti-cancer effects of farnesol are well established, although mechanisms mediating these effects are not fully understood. Since farnesol has been shown to regulate gene transcription through activation of the farnesoid X receptor and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha and

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor expressed in the liver and traditionally considered as a bile acid sensor. Yet, FXR has been recently demonstrated in other tissues and cells, such as the kidneys, the adrenals, and arterial smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical data

Treatment with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, i.e. 25-hydroxycholesterol and mevinolin, inhibited cell growth of the human breast cancer cell line MDA231 in a cell cycle-specific manner by blocking progression through G1. Since 25-hydroxycholesterol, as distinguished from mevinolin, also inhibits

Dysregulation of Ras and Rho family small GTPases drives the invasion and metastasis of multiple cancers. For their biological functions, these GTPases require proper subcellular localization to cellular membranes, which is regulated by a series of post-translational modifications that result in

The combination of anticancer drugs used in the clinic has been based upon empiricism, and the potential permutations of currently available drugs overwhelm the clinical trials system. Recently, investigators have suggested that the combination of a blockade of vital signal transduction pathways in

Increasing evidence is accumulating that zoledronic acid (ZOL), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP), is able to affect tumor cells by inhibiting the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in the mevalonate pathway (MVP). The consequent accumulation of unprenylated proteins is believed

Breast and prostate cancer preferentially metastasize in the skeleton, inducing locally increased bone resorption by osteoclasts. Bisphosphonates (BPs), potent inhibitors of osteoclasts and bone resorption, are able to reduce metastatic bone lesions, but the metastasis-related cellular target

Mammalian cells can use exogenous isoprenols to generate isoprenoid diphosphate substrates for protein isoprenylation, but the mechanism, efficiency, and biological importance of this process are not known. We developed mass spectrometry-based methods using chemical probes and newly synthesized