folinic acid/seizures

Neonatal seizures associated with white-matter changes on neuroimaging suggest an etiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Metabolic and idiopathic etiologies are also considerations but are less likely. Despite the fact that two disorders associated with neonatal seizures are diagnosed by

Seizures are one of the most frequently occurring neurologic phenomena in childhood; an inborn error of metabolism should always be considered in the diagnostic workup of patients with seizures after more common causes have been excluded. Many of the known inborn metabolic errors associated with

This report presents a male who developed clonic seizures on the day he was born. The next day, the diagnosis of pyridoxine-dependent seizures was made. However, contradictory to this diagnosis, seizures reappeared despite treatment with pyridoxine. Seizures ceased after folinic acid was initiated.

Folinic acid-responsive seizures (FARS) are a rare treatable cause of neonatal epilepsy. They have characteristic peaks on CSF monoamine metabolite analysis, and have mutations in the ALDH7A1 gene, characteristically found in pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. There are case reports of patients

Pyridoxine-dependent seizures (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by seizures presenting in neonates or infants up to 3 years of age which respond to pharmacological doses of pyridoxine. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (antiquitin) deficiency was identified as an

Cerebral folate deficiency is a genetically heterogeneous condition.(1) Mutations in FOLR1 are responsible for a rare but treatable form of cerebral folate deficiency (OMIM #613068).(1) The gene codes for folate receptor alpha (FRα), a specific CNS folate transporter. Individuals with FOLR1-related

We report three cases of folinic acid-responsive intractable neonatal seizures. All patients were born at term following normal gestation and delivery. In the first infant, seizures began on the 5th day of life and were unresponsive to phenobarbital, pyridoxine, and valproate, but stopped within 24

OBJECTIVE Folinic acid-responsive seizures and pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy are two treatable causes of neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. The former is diagnosed by characteristic peaks on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolite analysis; its genetic basis has remained elusive. The latter

Hyperphenylalaninemia in infants and children may be caused by a deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR). Recommended therapy includes folinic acid as a source of tetrahydrofolate, a phenylalanine-restricted diet, and both dopamine and serotonin precursors. We report a child with progressive

Status epilepticus (SE) is a common indication for neurocritical care and can be refractory to standard measures. Refractory SE (RSE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Unconventional therapies may be utilized in certain cases, including therapeutic hypothermia (TH), bumetanide, and

Rett syndrome is characterized by the development of stereotypic hand movements and seizures, which are often difficult to treat. Previous studies have shown conflicting results during add-on folinic acid. Here, the authors reevaluate the response to folinic acid in terms of epilepsy control and

We present an 8-year-old boy with folate receptor alpha (FRα) defect and congenital deafness with labyrinthine aplasia, microtia and microdontia (LAMM syndrome). Both conditions are exceptionally rare autosomal recessive inherited diseases mapped to 11q13. Our patient was found to have novel

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiographic syndrome with seizures, headache, altered mental status and visual disturbances. It is typically associated with posterior cerebral white matter oedema on neuroimaging. There is an increasing number of cases of PRES

The recognition of epileptic seizures in newborns is challenging as neonates exhibit a variety of paroxysmal motor phenomena, some epileptic but others not. The distinction, frequently requiring video-EEG monitoring, is crucial for management. Causes are often multi-factorial, specific to