guanine/arabidopsis thaliana

Analysis of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase gene and gene products from Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants and the Rubisco activase-deficient mutant strain showed that the rca mutation caused GT to be changed to AT at the 5'-splice junction of intron 3 in

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPT) occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. However, the molecular and functional properties of plant HGPT are not well understood. In this study, it was found that the putative HGPT proteins from dicot and monocot plant species

Rop/Rac small GTPases are central to diverse developmental and cellular activities in plants, playing an especially important role in polar growth of pollen tubes. Although it is established that a class of plant-specific RopGEFs promotes the activity of Rop/Rac through the catalytic PRONE

The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is an important component of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, the major regulator of cell growth in animals and fungi. TCTP acts as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor of the Ras GTPase Rheb that controls TOR activity in

The process of gene duplication followed by sequence and functional divergence is important for the generation of new genes. Pack-MULEs, nonautonomous Mutator-like elements (MULEs) that carry genic sequence(s), are potentially involved in generating new open reading frames and regulating parental

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), a class of immune-associated sequences in bacteria, have been developed as a powerful tool for editing eukaryotic genomes in diverse cells and organisms in recent years. The CRISPR-Cas9 system can recognize upstream 20 nucleotides

Tandem stretches of guanines can associate in hydrogen-bonded arrays to form G-quadruplexes, which are stabilized by K(+) ions. Using computational methods, we searched for G-Quadruplex Sequence (GQS) patterns in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. We found ∼ 1200 GQS with a G(3) repeat

Rab small GTPases regulate vesicle transport in eukaryotes by interacting with various effectors. Guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) catalyzes the transition from inactive GDP-bound Rab to active GTP-bound Rab. The existence of several GDP-bound intermediates containing the Arabidopsis

Many GTPases regulate intracellular transport and signaling in eukaryotes. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) activate GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of their GDP for GTP. Here we present crystallographic and biochemical studies of a GEF reaction with four crystal structures of

TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is a reverse genetic method that can be employed to generate allelic series of induced mutations in targeted genes for functional analyses. To date, TILLING resources in Arabidopsis thaliana are only available in accessions Columbia and Landsberg

The single cell alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is capable of importing purines as nitrogen sources. An analysis of the annotated C. reinhardtii genome reveals at least three distinct gene families encoding for known nucleobase transporters. In this study the solute transport and binding properties

Rab GTPases regulate the tethering and fusion of transport vesicles to target membranes in membrane trafficking by acting as a molecular switch, cycling between GDP- and GTP-bound states. RAB5 is a member of the Rab GTPase family, the members of which have been shown to perform various functions in

Guanine quadruplex structures (GQSs) play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and cellular processes. Recent studies provide strong evidence for the formation and function of DNA and RNA GQSs in human cells. However, whether GQSs form and are functional in plants remains essentially

Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG) catalyzes the initial steps in the repair of DNA containing oxidized purines. Two complementary DNA clones encoding homologs of bacterial FPG, designated Atfpg-1 and Atfpg-2, have been isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. They are products of alternative

The unique type of GTPases in plants, termed ROPs, are the small GTP-binding proteins involved in signal transduction which play important roles in regulation of hormonal response pathway, cell polarity, defense from plant pathogens, etc. In order to explore the regulation mechanism of AtROPs