6g hydrolyzed pine nut oil in delayed release capsules given 30 min prior to an 6-hour oral glucose tolerance test

3g hydrolyzed pine nut oil and 3g olive oil in delayed release capsules given 30 min prior to an 6-hour oral glucose tolerance test

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Obesity

Given 30 min prior to oral glucose tolerance test

Hydrolyzed pine nut oil

Hydrolyzed pine nut oil and olive oil

Odense University Hospital

Effect of Dietary Oils as G-protein-coupled Receptor Agonists on Glucose Tolerance

Effects of Pine Nut and Olive Oil as FFA1/FFA4 and GPR119 Agonists on Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Overweight or Obese Subjects

Appetite is measured by the use of Visual analog scales. Respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement on hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption and thirst by indicating a position along a continuous 100 mm line between two end-points (0 and 100 mm) which represent the extreme feelings related to the statement. In example: How hungry do you feel? 0mm represents: Not hungry at all and 100 mm represents: I have never been hungrier.

Gastrointestinal tolerability is measured by the use of Visual analog scales. Respondents specify their level of nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation by indicating a position along a continuous 100 mm line between two end-points (0 and 100 mm) which represent the extreme feelings related to the symptom in question. In example: Have you been constipated? 0mm represents: No,not at all and 100 mm represents: Yes, severely.

Karina Vejrum Sørensen

Cross-over study of 3 interventions; 1) no oil intake, 2)6g hydrolyzed pine nut oil and 3) combined intake of 3g hydrolyzed pine nut oil and 3g olive oil 30 minutes prior to an 6-hours oral glucose tolerance test (75g glucose).

A standard OGTT with no supplementation/intervention

Standard OGTT supplemented with 3 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil

Standard OGTT supplemented with 6 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil

Randomized cros-over intervention of 3 OGTT with no oil, low dose or high dose.

Department of Endocrinology

Dose-response Effect of Pine Nut Oil as a Dual FFA1 and FFA4 Agonist on Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Humans.

Dose-response Effect of Pine Nut Oil as a Dual FFA1 and FFA4 Agonist on Glucose Tolerance, Incretins, Appetite and Tolerability in Healthy Humans.

Area under the curve of Insulin and C-peptide

Visual analog scale - area under the curve

MSc, PhD-student

University of Southern Denmark

Subjects complete three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) on different days, with a minimum of one week in between. First visit is a combined screening and baseline OGTT, with no supplementation. At the second and third visit subjects are randomly assigned to either 3 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil or 6 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil.

Standard OGTT supplemented with 3 g of non-hydrolyzed pine nut oil

Type2 Diabetes Mellitus

Subjects are supplemented with either no oil, hydrolyzed oil or non-hydrolyzed oil in combination with an OGTT

Pine nut oil

FFAR Agonist on Incretins, Insulin, Lipids and Inflammation

Effects of a Naturally Occurring Dual FFAR Agonist on Incretins, Insulin Secretion, Lipids and Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Changes in blood after a 4hour OGTT (75 g glucose)

Subjects complete three oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on different days, with a minimum of one week in between. First visit is a combined screening and baseline OGTT, with no supplementation. The second and third visit subjects are randomly assigned to either 1 g of non-hydrolyzed pine nut oil or 1 g of hydrolyzed pine nut oil.

hypoglycemia/pinus

Effect of Dietary Oils as G-protein-coupled Receptor Agonists on Glucose Tolerance

Dose-response Effect of Pine Nut Oil as a Dual FFA1 and FFA4 Agonist on Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Humans.

FFAR Agonist on Incretins, Insulin, Lipids and Inflammation

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