primary immunodeficiency diseases/tyrosine

Maturation and release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is targeted at the pseudopod of infected mononuclear cells. However, the intracellular mechanism or targeting signals leading to this polarized viral maturation are yet to be identified. We have recently demonstrated the presence

SIVmac Nef contains two N-terminal tyrosines that were proposed to be part of an SH2-ligand domain and/or a tyrosine-based endocytosis signal and a putative SH3-ligand domain (P(104)xxP(107)). In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined mutations in these tyrosine and proline

Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase, plays a pivotal role in B cell activation and development. Mutations in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the Btk gene cause human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) and murine X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid). In this paper,

Binding of the transcription factor Bright to Ig heavy chain loci after B cell activation is associated with increased heavy chain transcription. We now report that Bright coprecipitates with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), the defective enzyme in X-linked immunodeficiency disease (xid).

Various G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have the potential to work as co-receptors for human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV). HIV/SIV co-receptors have several tyrosines in their extracellular N-terminal region (NTR) as a common feature. However, the domain structure of the NTR that

A human CD4+ T cell line, Jurkat, was transfected with a constructed plasmid, which has the envelope gene of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under the transcriptional control of the human metallothionein IIA promoter, and these transfected cells were then cloned. JME2, one of the cloned cell

The immune system of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is in a state of chronic activation; however, the nature of HIV-related immune activation is unknown. As normal T-cell activation involves early tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the T-cell antigen receptor-associated

The human immunodeficiency virus binds to CD4+ T lymphocytes through the interaction of its envelope glycoprotein (gp120) with the CD4 molecule. The src-related protein tyrosine kinase p56lck is physically associated with CD4 and is co-immunoprecipitated by CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Activators

CXCR4 mediates the fusion and entry of X4 and R5X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The residues involved in CXCR4 coreceptor function have not all yet been identified, but tyrosine and negatively charged residues in the amino-terminal domain of CCR5 were shown to be

We have previously shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-tat induces the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in human monocytes by a mechanism that is not understood. In the present report, we demonstrate that HIV-tat-induced expression of MMP-9 is blocked by inhibitors of

We have previously described a new type of selective T-cell deficiency characterized by persistent infections reminiscent of severe combined immunodeficiency. We show here that selective T-cell deficiency patients carry a mutation of zap-70 protein tyrosine kinase, resulting in a loss of the

CVID is frequently diagnosed in male and female individuals with hypogammaglobulinaemia of unknown aetiology. To examine the possibility that sporadic male cases with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA), which is caused by mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene, might be misregistered

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of the AIDS disease. To date, more than 30 million people worldwide are infected with HIV—1, which causes two millions deaths each year. The pandemic is still ongoing, with three million new infections every year. Even though the current

Macrophages and microglia are productively infected by HIV-1 and play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia. Although macrophages and microglia express CD45, a transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase, whether modulation of its activity affects human immunodeficiency virus type 1

Defects of the common gamma chain subunit of the cytokine receptors (gamma c) or of Jak3, a tyrosine kinase required for gamma c signal transduction, result in T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). However, atypical cases, characterized by progressive development of T lymphocytes, have been