pyrrolidine/fever

It has been shown that staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) acts through human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to stimulate synthesis or release of pyrogenic cytokines. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is thought to play an important role in inflammatory responses through the regulation of

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) to synthesize or release pyrogenic cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) influences inflammatory responses through the regulation

The popularity of designer phenethylamines such as synthetic cathinones ("bath salts") has led to increased reports of life-threatening hyperthermia. The diversity of chemical modifications has resulted in the toxicological profile of most synthetic cathinones being mostly uncharacterized. Here, we

Girgensohnine alkaloid was used as a natural model in the design and generation of new alkaloid-like α-aminonitrile series that was completed by the use of SSA-catalyzed Strecker reaction between commercial and inexpensive substituted benzaldehydes, piperidine (pyrrolidine, morpholine and

It has been well demonstrated that heat stress response (HSR) plays a crucial role in protecting cells from injury induced by various pathological stimuli. However, the protective mechanism of HSR is only poorly understood. The object of this article was to further investigate the relationship

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1RI) are key components of the innate immune system activated by microbial infections and inflammation. The signaling cascade from agonist-occupied TLRs and IL-1Rs involves recruitment of the small cytosolic adapter protein MyD88 that binds

During sepsis or inflammation, the liver expresses various protective phenotypes such as the acute phase response or the heat shock response (HSR). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is also expressed in the liver in these conditions and may protect the liver under some circumstances and promote

Benzamido (alkyl) methyl pyrrolidine Mannich bases were synthetized and subjected to certain neuropharmacological studies. All the bases reduced the pentobarbitone sleeping time and rota-rod grip of rats. The Mannich bases II, III and V raised the minimal electro-shock seizure threshold of rats. The

The staphylococcal enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are associated with pyrogenic response in humans and primates. This study investigates the role of NADPH oxidase and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) on enterotoxin staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 (SEC1)-induced pyrogenic cytokine

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide serve as second messengers in the induction of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and hence in the activation and replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human cells. During inflammatory reactions, many oxidative species

Chemotherapy of malaria fever with chloroquine is often associated with generalized pruritus of unknown pathogenesis. This adverse side effect leads to diminished compliance. We report that chloroquine (1.25-40 mg/kg, s.c.) elicits dose-related, compulsive, and vigorous scratching in mice. This