rickets/nicotine

Tobacco usage kills more than 8 million people a year. Approximately 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while approximately 1.2 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. About 200 million of the world's one billion smokers are

In order to test the impact of a given risk profile on the incidence of osteoporosis which could justify BMD measurement, and that of a low risk profile which could render it unnecessary, BMD was measured in 217 women under 72 in whom menopause had occurred at least 6 years previously and who

OBJECTIVE Survey the health of young children residing in Russian orphanages. METHODS Retrospective chart review of all 193 'healthy' young children (105M:88F, age range 2-72 months) residing in orphanages in Murmansk, Russia. RESULTS Mothers of these institutionalized children had complex histories

Several life-style factors are known to or have been suggested to interact with calcium metabolism and bone turnover. Immobilization or a sedentary life-style may result in substantial bone loss, and physical exercise may increase bone mass, to different extents in different parts of the skeleton.

Introduction: Vitamin D inadequacy or deficiency (VDID) has been reported in a high percentage of otherwise healthy individuals. Factors that may contribute to the high prevalence of VDID in people with mental disorders include diet low in vitamin D, poor sunlight exposure, decrease in