suma/補品

The present study was undertaken to determine whether lithium addition to long-term treatment with different classes of antidepressant drugs could induce a greater effect on the serotonin (5-HT) system than the drugs given alone. Because 5-HT(1A) receptor activation hyperpolarizes and inhibits the

The litter quality is an important factor affecting the performance, welfare and carcass quality of the broilers. Depending on the progress of the fattening duration, some materials may be added to the litter in order to keep the pH, moisture and ammonia levels in the litter under control. Sepiolite

Expert consensus statements recommend continuous observation for patients undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (EEG), but this practice is neither universal nor specific regarding the type of observation. We compared outcomes for patients who underwent intracranial stereotactic EEG (SEEG)

A new multivariate standard addition strategy applicable to stripping methods was proposed as an extention of the classical univariate standard addition method for the resolution of complex samples involving overlapped peaks and complex matrices. The proposed strategy consists in alternate additions

A rapid, simple, and reliable liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide (niacinamide), thiamine, riboflavin, riboflavin sodium phosphate, pyridoxine, caffeine, and sodium benzoate in commercial oral liquid tonics. The 7 components are

The possibility that Ca2+ store depletion can stimulate contraction of the rat portal vein was investigated in functional experiments. Ca2+ stores were depleted with phenylephrine or cyclopiazonic acid in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and then washed out for 30 min. Upon re-addition of

1. Synaptic transmission was studied at the neuromuscular junction of the crab Ocypoda cursor, using conventional electrophysiological technique. 2. It was found that fibres of the extensor muscle and those composing the internal layer of the closer muscle have only post-synaptic inhibition (S

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of heat and several additives related to stress on fluctuating asymmetry (groups 1 to 10), heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (groups 1 to 3 and 8 to 10), and tonic immobility duration (groups 1 to 7 and 10) in White Leghorn chicks at 42 d of age. Chicks

The effects of chelating agents of divalent cations on the contraction induced by STA2, a stable thromboxane A2 analog, were examined in rabbit aortic smooth muscles, comparing with a phorbol ester-induced contraction. Pretreatment of muscles with EDTA (4 mM) resulted in potent inhibition of STA2 (1

In the present study, we describe GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibitory currents in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) region of rat spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis (Vc). The GABA(A) receptor-mediated tonic currents were identified by bath-application of the GABAA receptor antagonists,

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has recently been suggested for monitoring cortical hemodynamic response to experimental and clinical acute pain. However, the hemodynamic response to a tonic, noxious cold stimulus, and its relation with subjective pain sensation is not fully

The electrophysiological effects of CO2 on locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons were investigated in rat brain slices. Under control conditions, when slices were perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 24 mM NaHCO3/5% CO2 (pH approximately 7.34, 33 degrees C) and exposed to 5%

We conducted an experiment in which hedonia, salience and prediction error hypotheses predicted different patterns of dopamine (DA) release in the striatum during learning of conditioned avoidance responses (CARs). The data strongly favor the latter hypothesis. It predicts that during learning of

Tonic immobility (TI) is an innate defensive behavior elicited by physical restriction and postural inversion, and is characterized by a profound and temporary state of motor inhibition. The participation of the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) in TI modulation has previously been described. In

The role of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors in the initiation of phasic acetylcholine (ACh) release at frog and mouse neuromuscular junctions was studied by measuring the dependency of the amount (m) of ACh release on the level of presynaptic depolarization. Addition of methoctramine (a blocker