timothy-grass/消炎（藥

Grazax is a lyophilisate of an extract of Timothy-grass pollen (Phleum pratense) administered by the sublingual route to induce desensitization (or hyposensitization) to grass pollen in subjects with hay fever. Since allergen avoidance measures are limited in hay fever sufferers, present treatment,

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a well-known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD). Besides staphylococcal superantigens, alpha-toxin may influence cutaneous inflammation via induction of T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between

BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) effectively alleviates type I allergic diseases characterized by T helper (Th)2-type immunity. Our recent studies have shown that a synthetic trivalent glycocluster, triacedimannose (TADM), suppresses the Th2-type allergic inflammation. The aim of

BACKGROUND Due to the interest in azelastine's diverse modes of action, this study investigated its effects on immediate and late-phase cutaneous allergic reactions using visual methods and telethermography. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of azelastine on the immediate

Recent studies have shown that surfactant components, in particular the collectins surfactant protein (SP)-A and -D, modulate the phagocytosis of various pathogens by alveolar macrophages. This interaction might be important not only for the elimination of pathogens but also for the elimination of

Although eosinophils are inflammatory cells, there is increasing attention on their immunomodulatory roles. For example, murine eosinophils can present antigen to CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, but it remains unclear whether human eosinophils also have this ability. This study determined whether human