zymogen/inflammation

One key event in inflammatory signaling is the activation of the initiator caspase, procaspase-1. Presented here is the crystal structure of the procaspase-1 zymogen without its caspase recruitment domain solved to 2.05 A. Although the isolated domain is monomeric in solution, the protein appeared

The effects of grepafloxacin on the release of cytokines, chemical mediators, hydrolytic enzyme activities, and lipoxygenation in zymogen A- or Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated human THP-1 monocytes were evaluated. Initially, consistent with stimulation of phagocytic mechanisms of the monocytes,

Antimicrobial agents have been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, both in vivo and in vitro (e.g., in human lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes). The effects of moxifloxacin on cytokine immunomodulatory mediators, free radical generation and hydrolytic enzyme

Matriptase, a type 2 transmembrane serine protease, and its inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1 are required for normal epidermal barrier function, and matriptase activity is tightly regulated during this process. We therefore hypothesized that this protease system might

Activated protein C (APC) has an anticoagulant action and plays an important role in blood coagulation homeostasis. In addition to its anticoagulant action, APC is known to have cytoprotective effects, such as anti-apoptotic action and endothelial barrier protection, on vascular endothelial cells

OBJECTIVE This review describes the contribution of coagulation factor XII (FXII) in sterile inflammation and wound healing, focusing on recently identified roles for zymogen FXII in neutrophil functions. RESULTS Recent studies have identified an important role for FXII in neutrophil trafficking. In

Why zymogen glycoprotein 2 (GP2), the Crohn's disease (CD)-specific pancreatic autoantigen, is the major target of humoral autoimmunity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is uknown. Recent evidence demonstrates that GP2 is also present on the apical surface of microfold (M) intestinal cells. As

Structural similarities between apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)), the unique apoprotein of lipoprotein(a), and plasminogen, the zymogen of plasmin, can interfere with functions of plasmin (ogen) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of apo(a) in inflammation in vivo using apo(a)

BACKGROUND The tissue factor (TF)- Factor VIIa (FVIIa) complex has a pivotal role in inflammatory and coagulation responses in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis. Because zymogen FVII (FVII) and FVIIa compete for binding to TF, their plasma levels determine if a

BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by reactivity against microbial and self antigens. Zymogen granule glycoprotein 2 (GP2) was identified as the major autoantigen of CD-specific pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB). METHODS Human GP2 was expressed in the

OBJECTIVE The aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is not yet fully understood. Autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play a role in the development of Crohn's disease, but the target antigens and the underlying pathways have not been sufficiently

The extrinsic coagulation is recognized as an 'inducible' signalling cascade resulting from tissue factor (TF) upregulation by exposure to clotting zymogen FVII upon inflammation or tissue injury. Following the substantial initiation, an array of proteolytic activation generates mediating signals

Complement system is a major effecter system of the innate immunity that bridges with adaptive immunity. The system consists of about 40 humoral and cell surface proteins that include zymogens, receptors and regulators. The zymogens get activated in a cascade fashion by antigen-antibody complex,

The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is responsible for extracellular matrix degradation during physiological and pathophysiological tissue remodeling processes such as embryogenesis, tissue repair and cancer progression. Despite these important roles of MMPs, inhibition or ablation of