Calcium citrate (1000 mg calcium) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion.

Milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion.

Milk mineral supplement (equating to 1000 mg calcium) plus whey protein hydrolysate (50 g) will be consumed by participants in the morning between 8-10 am after 8-14 h fasting. Blood samples, appetite scales and expired breath samples will be taken in a regular intervals for 2 h after ingestion.

Obesity

Diabetes

Calcium Citrate

Milk Mineral Supplement

Whey Protein Hydrolysate

University of Bath

Calcium, Protein and Gut Hormones

The Role of Dietary Milk Minerals and Protein in Gut Hormone Secretion

Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations

Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) concentrations

Plasma peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) concentrations.

Visual analogue scales of appetite ratings

Carbohydrate and fat oxidation (g/h) measured via indirect calorimetry

Javier Gonzalez

Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Human Physiology

Participants and Researchers will be blinded to the interventions.

Dietary supplement of vitamin D3 and calcium

Dietary supplement of vitamin D3 and calcium
Vitamin D3 and Calcium: 1500 mg of calcium citrate plus 1000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 IU of vitamin D3 bariatric supplements per day

Vitamin D3 and Calcium

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

Region of Enrollment

BMI, kg/m^2

Body weight, lb

Excess body weight, lb

Surgery type

Serum 25(OH)D ng/ml levels at baseline and 12 weeks following bariatric surgery

Vitamin D Concentrations, Pre Operative and Post Bariatric Surgery Following 12 Weeks of Vitamin D Supplementation

We anticipate that vitamin D supplementation of Roux-en Y bariatric surgery patients will be less effective in improving or maintaining vitamin D status.

Sleeve Gastrectomy

Roux-Y Gastric Bypass

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Levels at Baseline and 12 Weeks of Daily Vit D Supplementation Post Roux-en Y OR Sleeve Gastrectomy

Overall Study

Sherman Vadim

Vitamin D Deficiency

1500 mg of calcium citrate plus 1000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1000 IU of vitamin D3 bariatric supplements per day

calcium citrate/köklük

Calcium, Protein and Gut Hormones

Efficacy of Vitamin D Supplementation in Bariatric Surgery Patients

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