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Page 1 from 65 results
Cholinergic supersensitivity of the iris sphincter in Adie's tonic pupil.
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In patients with unilateral Adie's syndrome, we compared the relative supersensitivity of the tonic pupil to methacholine hydrochloride (Mecholyl 2.5%) and pilocarpine 0.125%. We tested a large series of patients and photographed the pupils before and 30 minutes after the eyedrops. In a group of 36
Prejunctional modulation of norepinephrine release in the human iris-ciliary body.
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OBJECTIVE
To characterize the prejunctional mechanisms that control the impulse-evoked release of norepinephrine in the isolated, superfused human iris-ciliary body.
METHODS
Human iris-ciliary body tissue segments were preincubated with 3H-norepinephrine, superfused and electrically-stimulated in
Cholinergic inhibition of adrenergic neurosecretion in the rabbit iris-ciliary body.
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The prejunctional effects of cholinergic agents on release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings were investigated in the isolated, superfused rabbit iris-ciliary body. Stimulation-evoked release of 3H-norepinephrine was inhibited by the cholinergic agonists methacholine, oxotremorine,
Tadpole-shaped pupils caused by segmental spasm of the iris dilator muscle.
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Segmental spasms of the iris dilator muscle produce intermittent pupillary distortion. A study of 26 case histories (six previously reported and 19 reported for the first time) showed that the episodes are brief (lasting less than five minutes in 23 of 26 patients, less than two minutes in 18
Transaqueous diffusion of acetylcholine to denervated iris sphincter muscle: a mechanism for the tonic pupil syndrome (Adie syndrome).
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The accepted hypothesis for the pathophysiology of tonic pupil syndrome (Adie syndrome) was reexamined in light of recent developments concerning denervation supersensitivity of cholinergically innervated smooth muscle. Kinetic analysis suggests that enzymatic hydrolysis is unimportant relative to
Segmental denervation and reinnervation of the iris sphincter as shown by infrared videographic transillumination.
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OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to analyze the denervation and reinnervation history of individual segments of the iris sphincter in patients with Adie's syndrome.
METHODS
The irises of these patients were retroilluminated by shining an infrared-rich light through the lower eyelid and sclera and viewing
Alpha-2 adrenergic modulation of norepinephrine secretion in the perfused rabbit iris-ciliary body.
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Clonidine and other selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonists have been found to lower intraocular pressure in the eyes of rabbits and primates, including humans. It has been suggested that the ocular hypotensive response to alpha-2 agonists may be mediated, in part, by prejunctional inhibition of
Prejunctional inhibitory effects of prostanoids on sympathetic neurotransmission in the rabbit iris-ciliary body.
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Both naturally occurring and synthetic prostaglandins (PGs) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of electrically evoked [3H]norepinephrine (NE) overflow from the isolated, superfused rabbit iris-ciliary body without affecting basal tritium efflux. The rank order of potencies of the agonists
Atropine-resistant relaxation induced by high K+ in iris dilator muscle of the rat and pig.
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1. The effects of high K+ ion concentration on the isometric tension in dilator muscle strips of the rat and porcine iris were examined. A high K+ solution, prepared by the replacement of Na+ in the medium with equimolar K+, was applied in the presence of 1 microM phentolamine, 1 microM propranolol
Arachnoid cyst causing third cranial nerve palsy manifesting as isolated internal ophthalmoplegia and iris cholinergic supersensitivity.
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An 8-month-old boy presented with anisocoria, a sluggishly reactive right pupil, and cholinergic supersensitivity as the only signs of what proved months later to be compressive third cranial nerve palsy due to an arachnoid cyst. Tonic constriction and dilation, segmental iris sphincter palsy,
Near-infrared transillumination imaging combined with aperture photometry for the quantification of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium.
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Near-infrared transillumination is used in the diagnosis and the management of different eye diseases. In particular, it enables the visualization of melanin in the pigment epithelium of the iris. This technique is valuable in such conditions as pigment dispersion syndrome and Adie's tonic pupil.
ATP and endogenous agonists inhibit evoked [3H]-noradrenaline release in rat iris via A1 and P2y-like purinoceptors.
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Effects of ATP, adenosine and purinoceptor antagonists on field stimulation-evoked (3 Hz, 2 min) [3H]-noradrenaline overflow were investigated in the rat isolated iris. ATP and adenosine inhibited the evoked overflow of [3H]-noradrenaline. 1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) shifted the
The effect of M & B 22948 on carbachol-induced inositol trisphosphate accumulation and contraction in iris sphincter smooth muscle.
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The effect of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, M & B 22948, on carbachol-induced phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP2) breakdown and phosphatidic acid labeling, 1,4,5-inositol trisphosphate (IP3) accumulation and muscle contraction was studied in bovine iris sphincter smooth muscle.
Muscarinic-receptor induced myo-inositol trisphosphate accumulation, myosin light chain phosphorylation and contraction in the rabbit iris sphincter smooth muscle.
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The data presented in this communication are in accord with the hypothesis that a synergistic interaction between IP3 and DG, the two arms of the polyphosphoinositide cycle, could play an important role in smooth muscle contraction (summarized in Fig. 2). Thus: (a) Dose-response relationships
Calcium-mobilizing receptors, polyphosphoinositides, generation of second messengers and contraction in the mammalian iris smooth muscle: historical perspectives and current status.
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It is well established now that activation of Ca2+ -mobilizing receptors results in the phosphodiesteratic breakdown of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), instead of phosphatidylinositol (PI), into myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DG). There is also
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