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Bupropion Versus Escitalopram on Reward Circuitry and Motivational Deficits

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The goal of the proposed research is to determine the mechanism of action of an antidepressant of known efficacy (bupropion) and to tie this mechanism of action to a biomarker of inflammation in support of precision medicine for the treatment of major depression (MD). MD is a devastating disease

Role of Nasal Dysbiosis in Parkinson Disease

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Olfactory dysfunction is frequent in Parkinson Disease (PD) and may be present years before the motor symptoms appear. The early olfactory dysfunction could result from environmental factors acting through the nasal cavity such as microbial communities. Local inflammation induced by a nasal

7-day Atorvastatin and Emotional Processing

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Depression is common and associated with considerable health disability. Traditional antidepressants mainly work by modulating monoamine levels in the synaptic cleft; however, the evidence that depression is caused by impaired serotonin or noradrenaline activity is weak and inconsistent, and indeed

Stress-Induced Inflammation and Reward Processing

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In this study we propose to examine the association between psychosocial stress, the stress-induced inflammatory response, and reward processing in a female undergraduate sample. Specifically, we will 1) examine effects of an acute psychosocial stressor on reward processing; 2) evaluate the

The Effect of Acute Minocycline Administration on Emotional Processing and Cognition in Healthy Volunteers

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Current antidepressant treatments, which largely target monoamine pathways, are efficacious in treating many aspects of major depression, however it is estimated that more than 30% of depressed patients fail to respond to standard antidepressant medications. Thus, there is a strong clinical need to

Can a New EEG Based Tool Predict Post-operative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction?

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As the population ages and medical progress is made, many elderly patients that previously would not have been candidates for surgery are now undergoing operations. In this group of older patients, brain dysfunction after anesthesia and surgery is well recognized and categorized into two distinct

Neurohormonal Benefits of Exercise in Fibromyalgia and PTSD

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This study will compare the effects of a 12-week progressive exercise training program on 1) Fibromyalgia (FM) pain and PTSD symptoms, 2) pain threshold and tolerance, and 3) relevant biomarkers and neuromodulators including: a) anti-stress, anti-nociceptive, immune modulating factors such as

Dynamics of Inflammation and Its Blockade on Motivational Circuitry in Depression

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The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of infliximab on measures related to depression symptoms. Infliximab is also known by its brand name Remicade. Infliximab, or Remicade, is given by an intravenous (IV) needle and is currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's

Inflammation-Induced CNS Glutamate Changes in Depression

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This study aims to test the hypothesis that increased inflammation causes increased basal ganglia glutamate and consequently anhedonia and psychomotor retardation in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Excessive inflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity are two pathways that have received

Probiotic Supplementation in Severe Depression

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Major depression is a recurrent and debilitating mental disorder with a lifetime prevalence of up to 20% in the general population, among the highest for psychiatric disorders. Its diagnosis is based upon the presence of persisting affective, cognitive and behavioural symptoms, with a depressive

Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers

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Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of major depression. Both clinical and animal studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines can induce a behavioural repertoire of symptoms collectively referred to as 'sickness behaviours,' which include cognitive

Study of Ruxolitinib in the Treatment of Cachexia in Patients With Tumor-Associated Chronic Wasting Diseases.

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Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by tissue wasting, loss of body weight, particularly of lean body (muscle) mass (LBM) and to a lesser extent adipose tissue, metabolic alterations, fatigue, reduced performance status, and very often accompanied by anorexia leading to a reduced

Shiatsu Adjuvant Therapy For Schizophrenia

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SHIATSU ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA Protocol for an Open Pilot Study 1. Background Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental illness that affects approximately 1% of the population worldwide. While the pharmacological treatments available have advanced considerably in the last fifty years,

Smoking Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia

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Background and Preliminary Data: Between 72% and 90% of patients with schizophrenia smoke cigarettes, and schizophrenia patients are more likely than the general population to smoke and to smoke heavily (1-6). Compared with the general population, patients with schizophrenia have low smoking

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