white/atrophy

MRI is a vital component of a MS work-up, providing noninvasive evidence of MS lesions, detecting active inflammatory lesions, and measuring brain atrophy to assess neurodegeneration. Recent years of MRI research have generated strong evidence of gray matter (GM) involvement in MS, resulting in the

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of the Arylsulfatase A enzyme (ARSA), resulting in accumulation of galactosyl sulfatide (cerebroside sulfate), a major constituent of the myelin sheath. Accumulation of sulfatides leads to a

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, accountings for 60-70% of all demented cases. It is a neuro-pathological diagnosis determined by presence of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain of patients with dementia. The disease frequently starts

Functional recovery following human spinal cord injury (SCI) remains frustratingly limited and the majority of patients are left with severe impairments. While rehabilitative training has been shown to improve clinical outcome following SCI and has a major effect on patients' quality of life, the

NBI is the most widely used system among several available image enhanced endoscopy systems. However, this technique has limitations such as dark imaging of distant lesions because of narrow-band illumination. Blue Laser Imaging (BLI) was developed to compensate for these inherent limitations of

Recently an image-enhanced endoscopic technology using a pre-processor band-limited light called Optical Enhancement system (OE system™), was developed by HOYA Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and is now equipped with the latest endoscopy system (Pentax Video Processor EPK-i7010; HOYA Co.). This new technology

Surrogate biomarkers are objectively measured characteristics of a disease which act as indicators of the underlying pathophysiological processes responsible for disease progression. Reduced grey matter volume in putamen, cerebellum and brainstem as measured with MRI have been consistently reported

Purpose: To examine the genotypes associated with the peripheral retinal phenotypic features in patients with age-related macular degeneration documented with wide-field imaging. Design: Clinic-based case series study in Croatia. Participants: Using standard protocols, 160 patients >50 years of age

PURPOSE: Treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) is a great challenge for contemporary medicine. HF frequency in European population is assessed for 0.4 - 2%. This disease is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rate, poor quality of life and the necessity of frequent

While being benefited from the results of previous studies, the sample size of the research was type 1 error performance α=0.05 and type 2 error performance β=0.20. The power of the test was taken as 1-β=0.80 and the power analysis was statistically made with NCCS PAS 11 program. 200 individuals

Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition by the exposure to gluten in patients who are genetically susceptible. The global prevalence is thought to be 1%, and incidence rate of CD in the UK is approximately 13.8 per 100,000 person-years with greater than fourfold increase in incidence over