white/hypoxia

Surgical trauma causes release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and other alarmines (e.g. HMGB-1) targeting receptors on local cells of the innate immune system, such as macrophages. This cellular response to trauma is followed by a rapid release of an array of inflammatory mediators

Study Design Patients with previously untreated Stages III~IVA (AJCC 6th Edition) of locally advanced NPC, Karnofsky performance status≥70, and good bone marrow, liver and kidney functions (white blood count ≥ 4.0×109/L, platelets ≥ 100×109/L, albumin ≥30 g/L , creatinine ≤100μmol/L) were enrolled

Acute morbidities can contribute to adverse neurodevelopment outcomes in preterm infants born at ≤30 wks gestation, but neural damage occurring after resolution of acute morbidities may be more subtle and related to cycles of inflammation and repair in the developing brain. One possible contributor

Multiple sclerosis (MS) MS is a chronic disease containing the inflammatory, demyelinating, anddegenerative processes of the central nervous system[FrischerJMet al, 2009]. The inflammation, microglial activation, astrocyticgliosis, demyelination, and somewhat axonal loss inwhite matter and grey

All mothers with a pregnancy affected by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who are referred to the St. Louis Fetal Care Institute (FCI) will be evaluated for enrollment over a two year period. The women who have severe findings that indicate a need for fetal intervention or who had demise of

In the last two decades, major advances have been made in the clinical care of premature and term infants, including in the management of sepsis and respiratory compromise that can contribute to neurological disabilities in survivors. The incidence of classic cystic periventricular leukomalacia

The clinical course of sickle cell disease (SCD) is very variable. Some patients experience vaso-occlusive disease infrequently, but other patients develop the complication recurrently. The reason for the difference remains unclear. Although erythrocyte sickling occurs due to factors such as

Apnea is defined as a cessation of breathing for twenty seconds or greater, or as a brief episode if associated with bradycardia, cyanosis, or pallor. Recurrent apnea of prematurity occurs in up to 85% of infants born under 1000g. Standard treatment of care for apnea of prematurity is the

In 1970, this condition has been first described as a hypomineralization of the permanent first molars (PFMs) but was consistently referred to it as non-fluoride hypomineralization. In 2000, there were four presentations that described the same types of developmental defects of dental enamel

Postoperative complications of any sort occurs in many of the patients undergoing high risk cancer surgery such as surgery for pancreatic, esophageal or ovarian malignancy (3, 4) These patients have a risk of wound infection mainly due to malnutrition and challenging surgical conditions (5, 6) A

COPD is a common disease that induces many systemic repercussions. Among these, peripheral muscle dysfunction is particularly deleterious because it leads to the decreases of the level of activity and the quality of life for patients. Movement involves activation of many structures, from the

Background Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous disease state brought about by a dysregulated host response to systemic infection, with uncontrolled pro- and anti-inflammatory processes leading to collateral tissue injury and immune suppression. Sepsis poses a significant health burden worldwide, with

Introduction. At the beginning of the 21st century, cancer is increasing in the aging population and patients often have a greater life expectancy than they did 40 years ago (Payne et al 2004). As people age, and the incidence of cancer increases, it is essential to push the frontiers of oncology

There are some compelling reasons to question the routine use of nitrous oxide (N2O), also known as "laughing gas". Despite being the first anaesthetic drug introduced, and still widely used, there is sufficient doubt as to the risk-benefit profile. There is strong evidence that N2O is a major risk

Numerous studies questioned the routine use of nitrous oxide (N2O), the oldest anaesthetic agent used since the development of anaesthesia care. Despite its wide use, there is sufficient doubt as to the risk-benefit profile. There is strong evidence that N2O is a major risk factor for postoperative